Abstract:The naturally occurring isomers itaconate, mesaconate and citraconate possess immunomodulatory, antioxidative and antimicrobial properties. However, it is not known whether they occur in commonly consumed human foods. Considering that they can arise as a result of heat conversion, we tested whether they occur in bread, representing a commonly consumed baked good. Using high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, we measured concentrations of the three isomers and their potential precursors… Show more
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