“It will not be easy to accept”: Parents conflicting attitudes towards pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention amongst adolescent girls and young women

Skovdal, Morten; Sørensen, Olivia Nanny Khayinza; Muchemwa, Douglas; Nyamwanza, Rangarirayi; Maswera, Rufurwokuda; Svendsen, Mette N.; Nyamukapa, Constance; Thomas, Ranjeeta; Gregson, Simon

doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.10.008

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Fathers, and male relatives generally, were more likely than other men to be against female pre-marital sex. In in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, held in the same study areas in Manicaland, parents reported conflicting attitudes towards pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)'s being made available for AGYW 43 . We found that while '… parents wanted to see girl-children protected from HIV … they struggle to reconcile this with traditional 'good girl' notions that stigmatise pre-marital sex'.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Norms and Structural Barriers to Use of HIV Prevention in Unmarried and Married Young Women in Manicaland, Zimbabwe: An HIV Prevention Cascade Analysis

Gregson,

Moorhouse,

Maswera

et al. 2024

Gates Open Res

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Background Gender norms against adolescent girls and young women (AGYW)’s having pre-marital sex and using condoms in marriage are included as barriers to motivation to use condoms in HIV prevention cascades. Representative survey data on gender norms are needed to test this assumption. Methods General-population survey participants in Manicaland, Zimbabwe (ages≥15, N=9803) were asked if they agreed/disagreed with statements on gender norms. AGYW at risk of HIV infection were asked whether community views discouraged condom use. Multivariable logistic regression was used to measure variations in community members’ views and associations between AGYW’s perceiving negative gender norms and condom HIV prevention cascades. Results 57% of men and 70% of women disagreed that ‘If I have a teenage daughter and she has sex before marriage, I would be ok with this’; and 41% of men and 57% of women disagreed that ‘If I have a teenage daughter, I would tell her about condoms’. 32% and 69% of sexually-active HIV-negative unmarried AGYW, respectively, said negative community views were important in decisions to use condoms and their friends were not using condoms. In each case, those who agreed had lower motivation to use condoms. Fewer of those with friends not using condoms reported using condoms themselves (39% vs. 68%; p<0.001). 21% of men and 32.5% of women found condom use in marriage acceptable. 74% and 93% of married AGYW at risk, respectively, said negative community views influenced their decisions to use condoms and their friends did not use condoms. Fewer married AGYW reporting friends not using condoms were motivated to use condoms but there was no difference in reported condom use (4.1% vs. 6.9%; p=0.48). Conclusions Negative gender norms can form a barrier to motivation to use condoms in unmarried and married AGYW at risk of HIV infection, and, for unmarried AGYW, to condom use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Norms and Structural Barriers to Use of HIV Prevention in Unmarried and Married Young Women in Manicaland, Zimbabwe: An HIV Prevention Cascade Analysis

Gregson,

Moorhouse,

Maswera

et al. 2024

Gates Open Res

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“…The gene products of the icaADBC locus are responsible for synthesizing polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), the main molecule for intercellular adhesion in S. epidermidis. Additionally, the aap gene synthesizes the accumulation-associated protein, which is the main protein involved in self-aggregation and biofilm formation ( 2 ). However, biofilm formation is more complex than being solely governed by these genes, and suppressing these genes alone does not guarantee the inhibition of biofilm formation ( 22 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability of this bacterium to form biofilms and colonize different surfaces is associated with its capability to cause life-threatening catheter-related bloodstream infections in immunocompromised patients. S. epidermidis possesses a range of genes that contribute to the biofilm phenotype, including the ica (icaABCD) gene, which produces Polysaccharide Intercellular Adhesive (PIA); the Bap (biofilm-associated protein) gene; the Aap (accumulation-associated protein) gene; and other genes that produce surface proteins and exopolymers essential for adhesion and biofilm formation on host cells and implanted devices ( 2 , 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of anti-biofilm activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Nisin on the expression of aap, ica-A and ica-D as biofilm-associated genes of Staphylococcus epidermidis

Dalvand,

Mirhosseini,

Amini

et al. 2023

IJM

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Background and Objectives: In the present study, the anti-biofilm activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Nisin was investigated on biofilm-forming abilities of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains and the expression of the biofilm-associated genes. Materials and Methods: In this study, the standard strain of L. rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) and Nisin were used to assess their anti-microbial and anti-biofilm effects on S. epidermidis (RP62A). Results: The MIC and MBC analysis showed that Nisin at 256 μg/mL and 512 μg/mL, and L. rhamnosus GG at 1×107 CFU/ mL and 1×108 CFU/mL have anti-microbial activity compared to the negative control respectively. L. rhamnosus GG bacteria and Nisin inhibited the biofilm formation of S. epidermidis based on optical density of at 570 nm (P <0.001). The relative mRNA expression of aap, icaA, and icaD genes was significantly reduced compared to the negative control after treating S. epidermidis with sub-MIC of Nisin (0.44, 0.25 and 0.6 fold, respectively) (P>0.05). In addition, the relative expression of aap and icaA genes, but not icaD (P>0.05), was significantly lower than the negative control (0.62 and 0.7 fold, respectively) (P>0.05), after exposure to the sub MIC of L. rhamnosus GG. Conclusion: Nisin and L. rhamnosus GG exhibit potent activity against biofilm-forming abilities of S. epidermidis and these agents could be utilized as an anti-biofilm agents against S. epidermidis infections.

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“It will not be easy to accept”: Parents conflicting attitudes towards pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention amongst adolescent girls and young women

Cited by 2 publications

References 24 publications

Gender Norms and Structural Barriers to Use of HIV Prevention in Unmarried and Married Young Women in Manicaland, Zimbabwe: An HIV Prevention Cascade Analysis

Gender Norms and Structural Barriers to Use of HIV Prevention in Unmarried and Married Young Women in Manicaland, Zimbabwe: An HIV Prevention Cascade Analysis

Evaluation of anti-biofilm activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Nisin on the expression of aap, ica-A and ica-D as biofilm-associated genes of Staphylococcus epidermidis

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