It’s Dead! Can Postbiotics Really Help Performance and Recovery? A Systematic Review

Kerksick, Chad M.; Moon, Jessica M.; Jäger, Ralf

doi:10.3390/nu16050720

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 72 publications

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“…Isolated metabolites that are produced by microorganisms, such as butyrate, no longer meet the criteria for a postbiotic [38]. Postbiotics, inanimate microorganisms, and microbial cell fragments have been shown to provide numerous health benefits, including improved nutrient absorption and immune and gastrointestinal health, even while the bacteria are no longer alive [39,40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycoprotein Matrix Zinc Exhibits Improved Absorption: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Jäger,

Purpura,

Davis

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Biotransformation of minerals via glycosylation by microorganisms such as yeast and/or probiotics yields nutrients bound to a food matrix, resulting in increased bioavailability. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of glycoprotein matrix-bound zinc (GPM) on absorption compared to inorganic zinc oxide. Sixteen participants ingested 11 mg of zinc as either GPM™ Soy-Free Zinc (GPM, Ashland, Kearny, NJ, USA) or zinc oxide (USP). Blood samples were taken at 0 (i.e., baseline), 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420, and 480 min post-ingestion. GPM zinc concentrations were significantly higher at 120 min (p = 0.02; 12.4 ± 5.1 mcg/dL), 180 min (p = 0.002; 16.8 ± 5.1 mcg/dL), and 240 min (p = 0.007; 14.6 ± 5.1 mcg/dL) in comparison to USP zinc oxide. In addition, GPM zinc significantly increased iAUC by 40% (5840 ± 2684 vs. 4183 ± 1132 mcg/dL * 480 min, p = 0.02), and Cmax values were 10% higher in GPM compared to USP (148 ± 21 mcg/dL vs. 135 ± 17.5 mcg/dL, p = 0.08). Tmax was 12% slower in GPM compared to USP (112.5 ± 38.7 min vs. 127.5 ± 43.1 min); however, differences in Tmax failed to reach statistical significance (p = 0.28). Zinc bound to a glycoprotein matrix significantly increased absorption compared to zinc oxide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycoprotein Matrix Zinc Exhibits Improved Absorption: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Jäger,

Purpura,

Davis

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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The interplay between gut microbiome and physical exercise in athletes

Quaresma,

Mancin,

Paoli

et al. 2024

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition &Amp; Metabolic Care

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Purpose of review The gut microbiome regulates several health and disease-related processes. However, the potential bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiome and physical exercise remains uncertain. Here, we review the evidence related to the gut microbiome in athletes. Recent findings The effect of physical exercise on the intestinal microbiome and intestinal epithelial cells depends on the type, volume, and intensity of the activity. Strenuous exercise negatively impacts the intestinal microbiome, but adequate training and dietary planning could mitigate these effects. An increase in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations can modulate signaling pathways in skeletal muscle, contributing to greater metabolic efficiency, preserving muscle glycogen, and consequently optimizing physical performance and recovery. Furthermore, higher SCFAs concentrations appear to lower inflammatory response, consequently preventing an exacerbated immune response and reducing the risk of infections among athletes. Regarding dietary interventions, the optimal diet composition for targeting the athlete's microbiome is not yet known. Likewise, the benefits or harms of using probiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics are not well established, whereas prebiotics appear to optimize SCFAs production. Summary The intestinal microbiome plays an important role in modulating health, performance, and recovery in athletes. SCFAs appear to be the main intestinal metabolite related to these effects. Nutritional strategies focusing on the intestinal microbiome need to be developed and tested in well controlled clinical trials.

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Intestinal Microbiota Interventions to Enhance Athletic Performance—A Review

Patel,

Lee

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Recent years have witnessed an uptick in research highlighting the gut microbiota’s role as a primary determinant of athletes’ health, which has piqued interest in the hypothesis that it correlates with athletes’ physical performance. Athletes’ physical performances could be impacted by the metabolic activity of the assortment of microbes found in their gut. Intestinal microbiota impacts multiple facets of an athlete’s physiology, including immune response, gut membrane integrity, macro- and micronutrient absorption, muscle endurance, and the gut–brain axis. Several physiological variables govern the gut microbiota; hence, an intricately tailored and complex framework must be implemented to comprehend the performance–microbiota interaction. Emerging evidence underscores the intricate relationship between the gut microbiome and physical fitness, revealing that athletes who engage in regular physical activity exhibit a richer diversity of gut microbes, particularly within the Firmicutes phylum, e.g., Ruminococcaceae genera, compared to their sedentary counterparts. In elite sport, it is challenging to implement an unconventional strategy whilst simultaneously aiding an athlete to accomplish feasible, balanced development. This review compiles the research on the effects of gut microbiota modulation on performance in sports and illustrates how different supplementation strategies for gut microbiota have the ability to improve athletic performance by enhancing physical capacities. In addition to promoting athletes’ overall health, this study evaluates the existing literature in an effort to shed light on how interventions involving the gut microbiota can dramatically improve performance on the field. The findings should inform both theoretical and practical developments in the fields of sports nutrition and training.

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It’s Dead! Can Postbiotics Really Help Performance and Recovery? A Systematic Review

Cited by 3 publications

References 72 publications

Glycoprotein Matrix Zinc Exhibits Improved Absorption: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Glycoprotein Matrix Zinc Exhibits Improved Absorption: A Randomized Crossover Trial

The interplay between gut microbiome and physical exercise in athletes

Intestinal Microbiota Interventions to Enhance Athletic Performance—A Review

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