“…To my knowledge, no research on hate crime has currently taken place in Samoa. However, with the growing body of research towards intersex (Ben-Asher, 2006;Reis, 2007), non-binary (Corwin, 2009;Rankin & Beemyn, 2012), and gender fluid (Johnson, Singh & Gonzalez, 2014) recognition, it is becoming ever more important to remain reflexive of the Western, colonial, and binary foundations we use to produce, limit, and construct sexuality and gender in relation to crime. Reflexivity in this sense is imperative to hate scholarship as Manning (2009) outlines that existences and identities are only able to be if we are aware and conscious of them.…”