It's always both: Changing individuals requires changing systems and changing systems requires changing individuals

Abstract

s-Frames and i-frames do not represent two opposed types of intervention. Rather they are interpretive lenses for focusing on specific aspects of interventions, all of which include individual and structural dimensions. There is no sense to be made of prioritizing either system change or individual change, because each requires the other.

Studying personality and social structure

“…People learn social structures and subsequently reenact or challenge them, in the process reinforcing or changing the larger social structure. Changing a social structure, thus, requires changing individuals (See Hamedani et al, 2023;Madva et al, 2023;Skinner-Dorkenoo et al, 2023, for similar perspectives.). Structural reforms, like policies, programs, or laws, require individual buy-in.…”