‘It's all in the message’: the utility of personalised short message service (SMS) texts to remind patients at higher risk of STIs and HIV to reattend for testing—a repeat before and after study: Table 1

Nyatsanza, Farai; McSorley, John; Murphy, Siobhán; Brook, Gary

doi:10.1136/sextrans-2015-052216

Cited by 25 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…We did not find any evidence to suggest that the primer message had a positive independent effect on kit return in our study. Research in a UK sexual health clinic found that simply sending SMS messages to patients to encourage re‐attendance had no effect but that the addition of a more personalized message with a patient's name resulted in higher rates of re‐attendance . In contrast, names were already included in the standard service in our study, which may explain the lack of the effect we observed.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Using behavioural insights to increase HIV self‐sampling kit returns: a randomized controlled text message trial to improve England's HIV self‐sampling service

et al. 2018

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ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to determine whether behaviourally informed short message service (SMS) primer and reminder messages could increase the return rate of HIV self‐sampling kits ordered online.MethodsThe study was a 2 × 2 factorial design randomized control trial. A total of 9585 individuals who ordered a self‐sampling kit from http://www.freetesting.hiv different SMS combinations: 1) standard reminders sent days 3 and 7 after dispatch (control); 2) primer sent 1 day after dispatch plus standard reminders; 3) behavioural insights (BI) reminders (no primer); or 4) primer plus BI reminders. The analysis was restricted to individuals who received all messages (n = 8999). We used logistic regression to investigate independent effects of the primer and BI reminders and their interaction. We explored the impact of sociodemographic characteristics on kit return as a secondary analysis.ResultsThose who received the primer and BI reminders had a return rate 4% higher than that of those who received the standard messages. We found strong evidence of a positive effect of the BI reminders (odds ratio 1.13; 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.23; P = 0.003) but no evidence for an effect of the primer, or for an interaction between the two interventions. Odds of kit return increased with age, with those aged ≥ 65 years being almost 2.5 times more likely to return the kit than those aged 25–34 years. Men who have sex with men were 1.5–4.5 times more likely to return the kit compared with other sexual behaviour and gender identity groups. Non‐African black clients were 25% less likely to return the kit compared with other ethnicities.ConclusionsAdding BI to reminder messages was successful in improving return rates at no additional cost.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Using behavioural insights to increase HIV self‐sampling kit returns: a randomized controlled text message trial to improve England's HIV self‐sampling service

et al. 2018

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“…The study of appointment reminders has occurred in a variety of settings, including primary care ( Steiner et al, 2016 ), dental care ( Perry, 2011 ), and psychotherapy clinics ( Delgadillo et al, 2015 ). Appointment attendance reminders were found to either increase the rate of appointment attendance, increase the rate of appointments cancelled ahead of time, or decrease the rate of missed appointments in 48 of the 56 studies (86%) ( Altuwaijri et al, 2012 ; Arora et al, 2015 ; Berenson et al, 2016 ; Bourne et al, 2011 ; Brannan et al, 2011 ; Branson et al, 2013 ; Chen et al, 2008 ; da Costa et al, 2010 ; Deng et al, 2015 ; Downer et al, 2005 ; Fairhurst and Sheikh, 2008 ; Farmer et al, 2014 ; Foley and O'Neill, 2009 ; Geraghty et al, 2008 ; Hofstetter et al, 2015a , Hofstetter et al, 2015b ; Kerrison et al, 2015 ; Koshy et al, 2008 ; Leong et al, 2006 ; Liew et al, 2009 ; Lin et al, 2012 ; Liu et al, 2017 ; Lund et al, 2012 ; Lund et al, 2014 ; McInnes et al, 2014 ; Milne, 2010 ; Muller et al, 2017 ; Murray et al, 2015 ; Narring et al, 2013 ; Nundy et al, 2013a , Nundy et al, 2013b ; Nyatsanza et al, 2016 ; Odeny et al, 2012 ; Perry, 2011 ; Pijnenborg et al, 2007 ; Prasad and Anand, 2012 ; Pratap et al, 2015 ; Rohman et al, 2015 ; Sims et al, 2012 ; Sly et al, 2014 ; Steiner et al, 2016 ; Taylor et al, 2012 ; Thomas et al, 2017 ; Ting et al, 2012 ; Tolonen et al, 2014 ; Trent et al, 2015 ; …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using text message reminders in health care services: A narrative literature review

Schwebel

Larimer

2018

Internet Interventions

175

134

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IntroductionDespite the extensive use of mHealth behavior change interventions, questions remain about the use of technology-based reminders in delivering health care services. Text messaging, or short message service (SMS), is one reminder method that has been extensively researched. Most SMS-reminder research is distributed across a range of health care outcomes. The aim of this article is to systematically review the aggregate impact of these reminders on overall health care outcomes.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted and yielded 2316 articles. Studies were included if they used SMS reminders to support patient health care outcomes. Study methodology was aligned with the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews.ResultsFollowing screening, 162 articles met inclusion criteria. Of these studies, 93 investigated medical compliance reminders and 56 investigated appointment reminders. The review found that nearly all the SMS-reminder studies helped improve patient medical compliance and appointment reminders. Additionally, researchers reported numerous benefits from using SMS reminders, including ease of use, relative inexpensiveness, and rapid and automated message delivery. Minimal risks were reported and most participants found the reminders to be acceptable.DiscussionText messages appear to be an effective reminder mechanism to promote improved patient appointment and medical compliance. Reminders should continue to be evaluated and improved to determine the most effective timing and frequency of messages for improving outcomes.

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“…The most active strategy, that is, when an appointment was scheduled in advance and a reminder sent, was the most successful. The higher success of this strategy compared to the other experimental strategy may be partly because reminders were sent earlier, the content of the SMS reminder was more personalised or calling participants was more effective than SMS [12] although, by design, the specific contribution of these components of the intervention could not be assessed. Interestingly, only 8% (17/218) confirmed the appointment by SMS reply, while 27% (59/218) confirmed it after receiving the subsequent phone call.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SMS reminders also have the potential to increase the uptake of frequent HIV testing in uninfected at‐risk individuals [9]. However, previous studies had limitations: they either were observational [10‐12] or assessed the effect of sending SMS reminders to retest participants presenting with a suspected acute HIV infection one month after a first negative test, a very specific situation [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appointment reminders to increase uptake of HIV retesting by at‐risk individuals: a randomized controlled study in Thailand

et al. 2020

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Introduction Frequent HIV testing of at‐risk individuals is crucial to detect and treat infections early and prevent transmissions. We assessed the effect of reminders on HIV retesting uptake. Methods The study was conducted within a programme involving four facilities providing free‐of‐charge HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B and C testing and counselling in northern Thailand. Individuals found HIV negative and identified at risk by counsellors were invited to participate in a three‐arm, open‐label, randomized, controlled trial comparing: (a) “No Appointment & No Reminder” (control arm); (b) “No Appointment but Reminder”: short message service (SMS) sent 24 weeks after the enrolment visit to remind booking an appointment, and sent again one week later if no appointment was booked; and (c) “Appointment & Reminder”: appointment scheduled during the enrolment visit and SMS sent one week before appointment to ask for confirmation; if no response: single call made within one business day. The primary endpoint was a HIV retest within seven months after the enrolment visit. The cost of each reminder strategy was calculated as the sum of the following costs in United States dollars (USD): time spent by participants, counsellors and hotline staff; phone calls made; and SMS sent. The target sample size was 217 participants per arm (651 overall). Results Between April and November 2017, 651 participants were randomized. The proportion presenting for HIV retesting within seven months was 11.2% (24/215) in the control arm, versus 19.3% (42/218) in “No Appointment but Reminder” (p = 0.023) and 36.7% (80/218) in “Appointment & Reminder” (p < 0.001). Differences in proportions compared to the control arm were respectively +8.1% (95% CI: +1.4% to +14.8%) and +25.5% (+17.9% to +33.2%). The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios of “No Appointment but Reminder” and “Appointment & Reminder” compared to the control arm were respectively USD 0.05 and USD 0.14 per participant for each 5% increase in HIV retesting uptake within seven months. Conclusions Scheduling an appointment and sending a reminder one week before was a simple, easy‐to‐implement and affordable intervention that significantly increased HIV retesting uptake in these at‐risk individuals. The personal phone call to clients probably contributed, and also improved service efficiency.

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‘It's all in the message’: the utility of personalised short message service (SMS) texts to remind patients at higher risk of STIs and HIV to reattend for testing—a repeat before and after study: Table 1

Abstract: Sending a personalised text message with increased contact information as a reminder for retesting increased reattendance rates by 23% in patients who are at higher risk of STIs.

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

Using behavioural insights to increase HIV self‐sampling kit returns: a randomized controlled text message trial to improve England's HIV self‐sampling service

Using behavioural insights to increase HIV self‐sampling kit returns: a randomized controlled text message trial to improve England's HIV self‐sampling service

Using text message reminders in health care services: A narrative literature review

Appointment reminders to increase uptake of HIV retesting by at‐risk individuals: a randomized controlled study in Thailand

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