It is all me: the effect of viewpoint on visual–vestibular recalibration

Abstract

Participants performed a visual-vestibular motor recalibration task in virtual reality. The task consisted of keeping the extended arm and hand stable in space during a whole-body rotation induced by a robotic wheelchair. Performance was first quantified in a pre-test in which no visual feedback was available during the rotation. During the subsequent adaptation phase, optical flow resulting from body rotation was provided. This visual feedback was manipulated to create the illusion of a smaller rotational movement than actually occurred, hereby altering the visual-vestibular mapping. The effects of the adaptation phase on hand stabilization performance were measured during a post-test that was identical to the pre-test. Three different groups of subjects were exposed to different perspectives on the visual scene, i.e., first-person, top view, or mirror view. Sensorimotor adaptation occurred for all three viewpoint conditions, performance in the posttest session showing a marked under-compensation relative to the pre-test performance. In other words, all viewpoints gave rise to a remapping between vestibular input and the motor output required to stabilize the arm. Furthermore, the first-person and mirror view adaptation induced a significant decrease in variability of the stabilization performance. Such variability reduction was not observed for the top view adaptation. These results suggest that even if all three viewpoints can evoke substantial adaptation aftereffects, the more naturalistic first-person view and the richer mirror view should be preferred when reducing motor variability constitutes an important issue.

Body illusions for mental health: a systematic review

“…Eight studies were directed to investigate how participant's characteristics can influence the ownership illusion when using the RHI paradigm such as age, showing a preserved ability to integrate the perceptual illusion of the RH (Riemer et al, 2019;Zeller & Hullin, 2018); laterality, which even though some studies did not found differences in experiencing the RHI between left-handers and righthanders (Smit et al, 2017), others found a more vivid illusion when using the RHI in left-handers compared to right-handers (Ocklenburg et al, 2011) ; psychosis proneness, which foster the sense of ownership toward the rubber hand (Germine et al, 2013); non-clinical autism spectrum that could influence the perception of the rubber arm position (Palmer et al, 2013); or participants presenting some medically unexplained symptom, which presented lower RHI experience compared to a normal participants (Miles et al, 2011). Six studies aimed at investigating how by the manipulation of body sensory or cognitive components is possible to modulate the ownership illusion toward a body part (Dempsey-Jones & Kritikos, 2014;Ferrè et al, 2015;Lopez et al, 2010;Morgan et al, 2011;Ponzo et al, 2018;Schomaker et al, 2011). More specifically, three studies manipulated vestibular information in healthy subjects while performing the RHI paradigm (Ferrè et al, 2015;Lopez et al, 2010;Macauda et al, 2015;Ponzo et al, 2018), and one study during the VHI (Schomaker et al, 2011), and found that through the vestibular stimulation participant increased the sense of proprioceptive drift toward the fake body part enhancing the sense of ownership.…”

“…Six studies aimed at investigating how by the manipulation of body sensory or cognitive components is possible to modulate the ownership illusion toward a body part (Dempsey-Jones & Kritikos, 2014;Ferrè et al, 2015;Lopez et al, 2010;Morgan et al, 2011;Ponzo et al, 2018;Schomaker et al, 2011). More specifically, three studies manipulated vestibular information in healthy subjects while performing the RHI paradigm (Ferrè et al, 2015;Lopez et al, 2010;Macauda et al, 2015;Ponzo et al, 2018), and one study during the VHI (Schomaker et al, 2011), and found that through the vestibular stimulation participant increased the sense of proprioceptive drift toward the fake body part enhancing the sense of ownership. One study investigated the effect of ketamine on the experience of illusory ownership toward the rubber hand, which mimics the perturbed sense of body ownership seen in schizophrenia enhancing the possibility to induce body illusions (Morgan et al, 2011).…”

Perceptual Training in Ice Hockey: Bridging the Eyes-Puck Gap using Virtual Reality

“…In particular, VR combines high realism and excellent experimental control 28 , so that the stimuli presented to the users can be manipulated or distorted in a perfectly controlled manner in order to suit speci c objectives 29 . A straightforward example of such manipulations is the ability to display a different perspective or viewpoint on the visual scene [30][31][32][33] . Because it 'breaks the laws of optics and physics', this type of manipulation would obviously not be possible using real-world settings.…”

“…Because it 'breaks the laws of optics and physics', this type of manipulation would obviously not be possible using real-world settings. In addition, feedback about performance, be it real-time or delayed, can be effortlessly and exibly augmented, manipulated or individualized to meet speci c needs or goals 32 . All these attributes make VR a unique tool to investigate human cognition and behavior 29 , as well as to develop e cient training protocols allowing people to learn or re-learn motor and cognitive skills [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] .…”