Issues to consider in conducting nonsexist psychological research: A guide for researchers.

McHugh, Maureen C.; Koeske, Randi; Frieze, Irene Hanson

doi:10.1037/0003-066x.41.8.879

Cited by 201 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…There is evidence from other areas of research to show that the presence of a person of opposite sex can have a powerful influence, especially on sex-role stereotyped forms of behavior [21], [22], [23]. Furthermore, research has shown that subjects sometimes alter their self-presentation strategies in a manner that transforms others' gender-related expectations into self-fulfilling prophecies [24], [25].…”

Section: Gender and Social Facilitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and Social Facilitation Effects on Computer Competence and Attitudes toward Computers

Corston

Colman

1996

Journal of Educational Computing Research

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Subjects (36 male, 36 female), aged from fifteen to fifty-two years, performed a computer-based tracking task under one of six audience conditions in an experiment designed to investigate the effects of gender and social facilitation on performance. In addition to the computer task, each subject completed a fifteen-item questionnaire designed to identify levels of computer usage, computer-related anxiety, confidence and competence when using computers, and attitudes toward computers and computer users. Males performed significantly better than females, and a significant social facilitation effect was found. A significant Gender × Audience interaction was found, with females performing very much better in the presence of a female audience than alone or with a male audience. The implications for educational policy and practice are briefly discussed.

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Section: Gender and Social Facilitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and Social Facilitation Effects on Computer Competence and Attitudes toward Computers

Corston

Colman

1996

Journal of Educational Computing Research

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“…The androcentric practices described here provide a new vantage point from which to view debates about the science and politics of comparing women and men. In the past, psychologists have been enjoined to avoid exaggerating gender differences (Baumeister, 1988;Favreau, 1997;McHugh, Koeske, & Frieze, 1986;Hare-Mustin & Marecek, 1990), to report similarities and small differences (Rothblum, 1988), to report empirical differences as accurately as possible (Eagly, 1995), and to trust in the value neutrality of a 'free marketplace of ideas' (Scarr, 1988).…”

Section: Concluding Thoughtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within and beyond psychology there has been repeated concern that such lenses impact the ways that psychological differences between females and males are reported and interpreted. Debates have focused on gender polarization; the exaggeration of gender differences (Baumeister, 1988;Favreau, 1997;Hare-Mustin & Marecek, 1990;Hyde, 2005;Kitzinger, 1994;McHugh, Koeske, & Frieze, 1986;Mednick, 1989), and on biological essentialism; the premature attribution of gender differences to immutable biological factors (e.g., Brescoll & LaFrance, 2004;Mahalingam, 2003;Martin & Parker, 1995;McHugh, Koeske, & Frieze, 1986). The current article aims to call attention to the third lens of androcentrism.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Androcentric Reporting of Gender Differences in APA Journals: 1965–2004

Hegarty

Buechel

2006

Review of General Psychology

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Androcentric thinking assumes maleness to be normative, and attributes gender differences to females. A content analysis of articles reporting gender differences published between 1965 and 2004 in four APA journals examined androcentric pronouns, explanations, and tables and graphs. Few articles used generic masculine pronouns to refer to both women and men. However, explanations of gender differences within articles that mentioned such differences in their abstracts and titles referenced attributes of women significantly more often than attributes of men.

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“…Here, there is a lack of cumulative knowledge, adequate conceptualisation, and theory building (Carter, Anderson et al, 2003, p. 72), and "women's entrepreneurship has mostly been studied from the very limited perspective of the differences between men and women" (Ahl, 2004, p. 34). She goes on to argue that entrepreneurship is itself a male-gendered concept that requires a particular gendered division of labor (Ahl, 2004, p. 61).As Ahl (2006) has more recently pointed out, the terms sex and gender (originally introduced to distinguish between socially constructed sex [sex-related differences, or the factors that vary with sex; McHugh, Koeske, & Frieze, 1986;Unger, 1979] and biological sex) have been widely conflated in the entrepreneurship literature. One consequence is to 2.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Gender Matter? Women Business Angels and the Supply of Entrepreneurial Finance

Harrison

Mason

2007

Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice

254

168

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There is a substantial literature on the relationship between gender and access to finance. However, most studies have been concerned with access to debt finance. More recently, the focus of this research has broadened to examine women and venture capital. This article extends the focus further by examining the role of women in the business angel market, which is more important than the formal venture capital market in terms of both the number of ventures supported and total capital flows. Based on a detailed analysis of business angels in the U.K., the study concludes that women investors who are active in the market differ from their male counterparts in only limited respects. Future research into women business angels, and the possible existence of gender differences, needs to be based on more fully elaborated standpoint epistemologies that focus on the experience of the woman angel investor per se, and center on the examination of the role of homophily, social capital, networking, and competition in investment behavior. IntroductionThe role of gender in access to business finance has been the subject of extensive research, debate, and policy concern in recent years as part of a wider interest in issues of women's entrepreneurship and business ownership (Ahl, 2004;Carter, Anderson, & Shaw, 2003;Duchenaut, 1997;. Reflecting the nature of the funding environment and the characteristics of the ventures established by women entrepreneurs, much of the debate on gender and finance has been concerned with access to loan finance and with the role of the banks in creating or perpetuating gender-based differences in access to finance (Buttner & Rosen, 1988Carter & Rosa, 1998;Coleman, 2000;Fay & Williams, 1993;McKechnie, Ennew, & Read, 1998;Read, 1998;Riding & Swift, 1990; Verhuel & Thurik, 2001). Despite the volume of research, there is no unequivocal support for the idea that there are genderbased differences in access to finance: While several studies "report discrimination . . . it seems to be related to structural factors rather than gender per se" (Ahl, 2004, p. 99). From a policy perspective, two fundamental questions remain unanswered in unequivocal terms: Is there a real shortage of capital for women entrepreneurs (the funding gap), and to what Please send correspondence to: Richard T. Harrison at r.harrison@qub.ac.uk. 2007 extent are the constraints faced by women entrepreneurs due to the "general business environment, a lack of information, firm characteristics, gender-based discrimination or other factors?" (Koreen, 2000, p. 4). P T E &1042-2587 © 2007 by Baylor University 445 May,More recently, attention has shifted to the examination of a number of gender-related features of the venture capital market Greene, Brush, Hart, & Saparito, 1999). Based on an assessment of the empirical evidence, on the demand-side, only a very small proportion of women-owned businesses raise venture capital. On the supply-side, there very few women involved in making investments, either as venture capital fund managers or as ...

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Issues to consider in conducting nonsexist psychological research: A guide for researchers.

Cited by 201 publications

References 77 publications

Gender and Social Facilitation Effects on Computer Competence and Attitudes toward Computers

Gender and Social Facilitation Effects on Computer Competence and Attitudes toward Computers

Androcentric Reporting of Gender Differences in APA Journals: 1965–2004

Does Gender Matter? Women Business Angels and the Supply of Entrepreneurial Finance

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