Issues on forensic diagnostics for pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin poisoning

Abstract

The article presents a case of poisoning with lambda-cyhalothrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, in a family of three (2 deaths at different times of the course of poisoning). A case from our practice is of interest not only from the point of view of the frequency of occurrence of this type of poisoning, but also as an example of a complex diagnostic process, including an analysis of the circumstances, clinical data and a set of post-mortem studies, taking into account the detection of a toxicant that has the ability to break down in minimal quantities in the food samples from the scene. Data indicating polymorphism of manifestations of poisoning with synthetic pyrethroids is given. A post-mortem study revealed biochemical and micromorphological markers of this poisoning diagnosed with acute toxic hepatitis, lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, resulted in hepatic and renal failure with laboratory confirmation, excretory and necrotic nephrosis with severe hemocirculatory disorders in internal organs and tissues. Additionally, an experimental model was created on laboratory animals (rats) to confirm the possibility of developing these lesions during the course of poisoning with a synthetic pyrethroid, while in the experimental model not only a similar clinical picture was obtained, but also the same results of laboratory studies. The presented data of foreign studies, a brief epidemiological report, as well as a detailed description of the comprehensive post-mortem diagnosis based on clinical and morphological, toxicology, biochemical, microscopic and experimental data show that in the study of such cases, an individual approach is required for the most accurate answers to the questions and prevention of these poisonings.