Issues in the Control of Outbreaks of Group C Meningococcal Disease in the United States

Wenger, Jay D.; Jackson, Lisa A.; Raj, P. Nithin; Tonelli, Mary Jo; Yoshikawa, Thomas T.

doi:10.1097/00019048-199403000-00022

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Reasons for exclusion at the full-text level of screening included that the article did not report costing data ( n = 294), did not examine the epidemiology of an outbreak ( n = 30), did not examine IMD ( n = 1), or was not written in English, Spanish, or French ( n = 2). Seventeen articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included [14–16, 29–38, 40–43], reporting information on 24 outbreaks, plus an additional 69 outbreaks reported in a review of data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [12]. The review article was summarized on its own because it did not report the type of containment strategy associated with the outbreak [12].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average number of vaccinees across these outbreaks was 18,316 (201,479 in 11 outbreaks). Of these, 9 reported costs associated with vaccination [13, 15, 33, 35, 42, 43]. The average vaccination cost per large containment strategy was $783,640 ($7,052,756 in 9 outbreaks, range $230,361–$1,477,511) and the average vaccination cost per IMD case was $73,931 (range $26,327–$164,168).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Cost and Public Health Burden of Invasive Meningococcal Disease Outbreaks: A Systematic Review

et al. 2013

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BackgroundInvasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a serious disease with a rapid onset, high mortality rate, and risk of long-term complications. Numerous reports in the literature conclude that IMD outbreaks are associated with substantial costs to society and significant burden on communities due to the cost associated with the prevention of secondary cases.ObjectiveTo systematically review the literature on the costs and public health burden associated with IMD outbreaks.MethodsStudies were primarily identified through searching MEDLINE and EMBASE. Reports were included if they provided cost data related to the containment of an IMD outbreak after 1990 and were written in English, French, or Spanish. Costs were converted to 2010 United States dollars. Outbreaks were categorized by low-income countries (LIC) and high-income countries (HIC) based on gross domestic product per capita. Outbreak containment strategies were classified as small (e.g., targeting members of the school/institution where the outbreak occurred) or large (e.g., targeting everyone in the community).ResultsSixteen articles reporting data on 93 IMD outbreaks fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included. The majority of outbreaks occurred in HIC. Five studies reported the use of small containment strategies including targeted vaccination and chemoprophylaxis, all occurring in HIC. The average cost per small containment strategy was $299,641 and the average cost per IMD case was $41,857. Eight studies reported large containment strategies involving widespread vaccination targeting a specific age group or community. For HIC, the average cost per large containment strategy was $579,851 and the average cost per IMD case was $55,755. In LIC, the average cost per large containment strategy was $3,407,590 and the average cost per IMD case was $2,222.ConclusionIMD outbreaks were associated with substantial costs. We found that although there were numerous reports on IMD outbreaks, data on containment costs were very limited. More research in this area is warranted.

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