“…Previously, our group reported the molecular profile of CNIT in adult KT recipients [ 28 ]. There is reason to believe that age-related and developmental differences in host immune system responses, drug handling (both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics), primary kidney disease, and presence of concurrent cardiovascular co-morbidities may impact gene expression [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. For instance, KT recipients less than 5–6 years of age often require higher CNI doses than older patients, which were potentially related to CYP3A maturation and activity [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ].…”