Issues in arsenic cancer risk assessment.

Slayton, Tracey M.; Beck, Barbara D.; Reynolds, Kim A.; Chapnick, Susan D.; Valberg, Peter A.; Yost, Lisa J.; Schoof, Rosalind A.; Gauthier, Thomas; Jones, Laura Erin

doi:10.1289/ehp.104-1469498

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(17 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Indeed, some scientists argue that the dose‐response relationship between ingested As and cancer may not be linear and a threshold or sublinear response may exist. ( 19–21 ) The multistage carcinogenesis health effect H ( p ) curve starts at zero As concentration with a small background value slightly over 0.006 μg/L for the Taiwanese population (Fig. 7, plain line), similar to that of the linear regression model (dashed line), and an even lower background value of about 0.003 μg/L for the Bangladesh population (dash‐dotted line).…”

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

An Application of the Holistochastic Human Exposure Methodology to Naturally Occurring Arsenic in Bangladesh Drinking Water

Serre¹,

Kolovos²,

Christakos³

et al. 2003

Risk Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The occurrence of arsenic in drinking water is an issue of considerable interest. In the case of Bangladesh, arsenic concentrations have been closely monitored since the early 1990s through an extensive sampling network. The focus of the present work is methodological. In particular, we propose the application of a holistochastic framework of human exposure to study lifetime population damage due to arsenic exposure across Bangladesh. The Bayesian Maximum Entropy theory is an important component of this framework, which possesses solid theoretical foundations and offers powerful tools to assimilate a variety of knowledge bases (physical, epidemiologic, toxicokinetic, demographic, etc.) and uncertainty sources (soft data, measurement errors, etc.). The holistochastic exposure approach leads to physically meaningful and informative spatial maps of arsenic distribution in Bangladesh drinking water. Global indicators of the adverse health effects on the population are generated, and valuable insight is gained by blending information from different scientific disciplines. The numerical results indicate an increased lifetime bladder cancer probability for the Bangladesh population due to arsenic. The health effect estimates obtained and the associated uncertainty assessments are valuable tools for a broad spectrum of end-users.

show abstract

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

An Application of the Holistochastic Human Exposure Methodology to Naturally Occurring Arsenic in Bangladesh Drinking Water

Serre¹,

Kolovos²,

Christakos³

et al. 2003

Risk Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been hypothesized that the Taiwanese populations were particularly susceptible to the health impacts of arsenic as a result of their poor diets, and therefore, the results of studies done in Taiwan may not be relevant to better-fed populations such as those in the United States ( Carlson-Lynch et al 1994 ; NRC 2001 ). Although several dietary variables have been mentioned as part of this hypothesis, much of the past debate on this issue was based on whether or not people with low dietary intakes of protein had sufficient amounts of choline, methionine, or cysteine to fully metabolize InAs to DMA ( Beck et al 1995 ; Brown and Beck 1996 ; Carlson-Lynch et al 1994 ; Engel and Receveur 1993 ; Mushak and Crocetti 1995 , 1996 ; Slayton et al 1996 ). Although the adequacy of the Taiwanese diet is debatable, studies done in experimental animals have shown that severe protein deficiencies can impair arsenic methylation and excretion ( Tice et al 1997 ; Vahter and Marafante 1987 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Intake and Arsenic Methylation in a U.S. Population

Steinmaus

Carrigan

Kalman

et al. 2005

Environ Health Perspect

162

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Millions of people worldwide are exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water, and ingestion of inorganic arsenic (InAs) has been associated with increased risks of cancer. The primary metabolic pathway of ingested InAs is methylation to monomethyl arsenic (MMA) and dimethyl arsenic (DMA). However, people vary greatly in the degree to which they methylate InAs, and recent evidence suggests that those who excrete high proportions of ingested arsenic as MMA are more susceptible than others to arsenic-caused cancer. To date, little is known about the factors that determine interindividual differences in arsenic methylation. In this study, we assessed the effect of diet on arsenic metabolism by measuring dietary intakes and urinary arsenic methylation patterns in 87 subjects from two arsenic-exposed regions in the western United States. Subjects in the lower quartile of protein intake excreted a higher proportion of ingested InAs as MMA (14.6 vs. 11.6%; p = 0.01) and a lower proportion as DMA (72.3 vs. 77.0%; p = 0.01) than did subjects in the upper quartile of protein intake. Subjects in the lower quartile of iron, zinc, and niacin intake also had higher urinary percent MMA and lower percent DMA levels than did subjects with higher intakes of these nutrients. These associations were also seen in multivariate regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and total urinary arsenic. Given the previously reported links between high percent MMA and increased cancer risks, these findings are consistent with the theory that people with diets deficient in protein and other nutrients are more susceptible than others to arsenic-caused cancer.

show abstract

“…Although fish, shellfish and seaweed do have extremely high concentrations of organic As, inorganic As accounts for the vast majority of total As in non-seafood products. 9,12 A recent study found that dietary inorganic As intake was a better predictor of urinary As biomarkers than water As intake, especially in populations that have lower levels of As in their tap water. 13 There have also been questions raised regarding differences in the bioavailability of and potential risks associated with ingestion of inorganic As in foods as compared with water, 9,14 and addressing these questions in future research was a key recommendation of the WHO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of diet to aggregate arsenic exposures—An analysis across populations

Kurzius-Spencer

Burgess

Harris

et al. 2013

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The relative contribution of dietary arsenic (As) to aggregate daily exposure has not been well-characterized, especially in relation to the current EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 p.p.b. for As in drinking water. Our objectives were to: (1) model exposure to inorganic and total As among non-seafood eaters using subject-specific data, (2) compare the contribution of food, drinking and cooking water to estimated aggregate exposure in households with variable background tap water As levels, and (3) describe the upper distribution of potential dose at different thresholds of tap water As. Dietary As intake was modeled in regional study populations and NHANES 2003–2004 using dietary records in conjunction with published food As residue data. Water As was measured in the regional studies. Among subjects exposed to tap water As >10 p.p.b., aggregate inorganic exposure was 24.5–26.1 μg/day, with approximately 30% of intake from food. Among subjects living in homes with tap water As ≤10, 5 or 3 p.p.b., aggregate inorganic As exposure was 8.6–11.8 μg/day, with 54–85% of intake from food. Median inorganic As potential dose was 0.42–0.50 μg/kg BW/day in subjects exposed to tap water As >10 p.p.b. and less than half that among subjects exposed to tap water As ≤10 p.p.b. The majority of inorganic and total As exposure is attributable to diet in subjects with tap water As

show abstract

Issues in arsenic cancer risk assessment.

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

An Application of the Holistochastic Human Exposure Methodology to Naturally Occurring Arsenic in Bangladesh Drinking Water

An Application of the Holistochastic Human Exposure Methodology to Naturally Occurring Arsenic in Bangladesh Drinking Water

Dietary Intake and Arsenic Methylation in a U.S. Population

Contribution of diet to aggregate arsenic exposures—An analysis across populations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About