Issues associated with the emergence of coeliac disease in the <scp>A</scp>sia–<scp>P</scp>acific region: A working party report of the <scp>W</scp>orld <scp>G</scp>astroenterology <scp>O</scp>rganization and the <scp>A</scp>sian <scp>P</scp>acific <scp>A</scp>ssociation of <scp>G</scp>astroenterology

Makharia, Govind; Mulder, Chris J.; Goh, Khean Lee; Ahuja, Vineet; Bai, Julio C.; Catassi, Carlo; Green, Peter H. R.; Gupta, Siddhartha Datta; Lundin, Knut E.A.; Ramakrishna, B. S.; Rawat, Ramakant; Sharma, Hunny; Sood, Ajit; Watanabe, Chikako; Gibson, Peter R.

doi:10.1111/jgh.12514

Cited by 54 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(442 reference statements)

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“…CD is going through such phases in many Asian countries. While it is well recognized in the northern part of India, in other regions including China, Japan, Malaysia and Philippines, CD is still considered uncommon [22]. There are no systematic studies to confirm that CD is uncommon in these regions.…”

Section: The Absolute Number Of Patients With CD Is Likely To Increasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Realizing the emergence of an epidemic of CD in Asia, the World Gastroenterology Organization and Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology highlighted the issues specific to this region and have suggested a few steps to handle the impending epidemic of CD in this region [22]. …”

Section: Celiac Disease In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, few case reports and short reports are available from China, Pakistan and Japan [15,16,17,18,19,20]. In many Asian nations, CD is still considered to be either nonexistent or very rare [21,22]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Celiac Disease Screening in Southern and East Asia

Makharia

2015

Dig Dis

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Until 1970s, celiac disease (CD) was considered to be an uncommon disease except in Western Europe. The global epidemiology of CD continues to evolve with improvement in the diagnostic tests, simplification of the diagnostic criteria and increase in awareness about the disease. The Asian region is currently at the crossroads of the frontier of knowledge and awareness of CD. In many Asian nations, CD is still considered to be either nonexistent or very rare. A notable exception is India, where CD has been well recognized, especially in the northern part, and 2 population-based studies have revealed a prevalence of 0.3-1.04%. Initial reports from Malaysia, China, Japan and Singapore suggest the existence of CD in these countries. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of the predisposing factors predicts a high probability of occurrence of CD in fair numbers in China. There are no formal reports on CD from Malaysia, Indonesia, Korea, Taiwan and many other nations in this region. With the impending CD epidemic in Asia, there are many challenges. Some of the efforts which are required include determination of prevalence of CD across the region, spreading of awareness among physicians and patients, training of dieticians for proper counseling and supervision of patients, creation of gluten-free food infrastructure in the food supply and creation of patient advocacy organizations. Although the absolute number of patients with CD at present is not very large, this number is expected to increase over the next few years/decades. It is thus appropriate that the medical community across Asia define the extent of the problem and get prepared to handle the impending CD epidemic.

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Section: The Absolute Number Of Patients With CD Is Likely To Increasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Celiac Disease In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Celiac Disease Screening in Southern and East Asia

Makharia

2015

Dig Dis

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“…3 In the more urban southern Chinese populations, gluten consumption is on the rise as Western style diets gain prominence. In 2014, the World Gastroenterology Organization and Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology issued a consensus calling for greater awareness of CD in the Asia Pacific region, 4 predicting an increased incidence as Western diets become incorporated into traditionally nongluten-consuming cultures. Notably, our patient had observed a 'Westernised' diet since weaning.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coeliac disease in Chinese children

Tan

Kwok²,

Ooi

2015

J Paediatrics Child Health

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“…CD has been reported around the globe with a prevalence of 1-2% of the population in North and South America, North Africa, the Middle East and India [2,3]. There is a paucity of reliable data regarding the prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa and in the Asia-Pacific region [4]. The prevalence of CD has been increasing in the US as noted by a recent study which showed a 5-fold increase since 1975 [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Celiac Disease and the Gluten-Free Diet: Consequences and Recommendations for Improvement

Theethira

Dennis²

2015

Dig Dis

130

102

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Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic small intestinal immune-mediated enteropathy precipitated by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. CD-related enteropathy leads to multiple nutritional deficiencies involving macro- and micronutrients. Currently, medical nutrition therapy consisting of the gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only accepted treatment for CD. Key Messages: The GFD is the cornerstone of treatment for CD. Prior published studies have concluded that maintenance of the GFD results in improvement of the majority of nutritional deficiencies. In the past, counseling for CD focused mainly on the elimination of gluten in the diet. However, the GFD is not without its inadequacies; compliance to the GFD may result in certain deficiencies such as fiber, B vitamins, iron, and trace minerals. Paucity of fortified gluten-free foods may be responsible for certain deficiencies which develop on the GFD. Weight gain and obesity have been added to the list of nutritional consequences while on the GFD and have been partially attributed to hypercaloric content of commercially available gluten-free foods. Follow-up of patients diagnosed with CD after starting the GFD has been reported to be irregular and, hence, less than ideal. Conclusions: Monitoring of the nutritional status using blood tests and use of appropriate gluten-free supplementation are integral components in the management of CD. The ideal GFD should be nutrient-dense with naturally gluten-free foods, balanced with macro- and micronutrients, reasonably priced, and easily accessible. Rotation of the pseudo-cereals provides a good source of complex carbohydrates, protein, fiber, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. Fortification/enrichment of commonly consumed gluten-free commercial grain products should be encouraged. Dietitians specializing in CD play a critical role in the education and maintenance of the GFD for patients with CD.

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Issues associated with the emergence of coeliac disease in the Asia–Pacific region: A working party report of the World Gastroenterology Organization and the Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology

Cited by 54 publications

References 126 publications

Celiac Disease Screening in Southern and East Asia

Celiac Disease Screening in Southern and East Asia

Coeliac disease in Chinese children

Celiac Disease and the Gluten-Free Diet: Consequences and Recommendations for Improvement

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