Issues and new ideas in international sport management

Dimensions of Service Quality in Health-Fitness Clubs in China

“…We used a multi-method and multi-stage design, which is consistent with a psychometric approach [38]. In Phase I, we developed scale items designed to map the conceptual properties of service quality and identified items that would indicate service quality in China's fitness clubs and have acceptable reliability.…”

“…Based on a standard of 80% agreement among the panel members [46], we retained all of the items, although we revised numerous items for clarity. To verify concurrent validity [38,47], we examined the service quality scale using an established service-related outcome variable: satisfaction [28,48,49]. We used the wellaccepted three-item satisfaction scale developed by Mano and Oliver [50].…”

Challenges and opportunities of contemporary sport marketing

“…Many advantages associated with increased market share, economic benefits, employment opportunities, and positive social and cultural impacts have been extensively discussed by researchers (e.g., Desbordes et al, 2019;Schulenkorf, 2017). However, researchers have also identified challenges that have resulted due to increased globalization of the sport industry, such as social injustice, market dominance, unfair employment conditions, detrimental ecological impact, and loss of diversity due to mass production and marketing (McCullough & Orr, 2020;Zhang et al , 2021. Attempting to predict and preempt future trends that impact the sport industry, as well as to deal with the challenges of globalization, is a key skill needed for strategic sport marketing.…”

“…Recent research findings highlighting how technology has transformed sports revealed many noticeable perspectives, including but not being limited to the following: (a) wearable technology (Watson et al 2018;Windt et al 2020), digitalization of sport media coverage (Hutchins et al 2019), impact upon spectator sports (Daehwan & Yong, 2019;Spitz et al 2021), participation of sports (Ha et al 2017;Watanabe & Zhang, 2019), sport performance (Qian & Zhang, 2016;Marihno & Neiva, 2018), sport engineering (Novak & Novak, 2020), and wide adoption of data analytics (Ratten & Hayduk, 2020;Zhang et al, 2021). It is apparent that many areas of the sport industry are affected by technological advancements, which subsequently impact their planning of strategic marketing mix from undertaking market research, identifying changes in consumer needs, producing products and services that satisfy market demand, and ensuring that the marketing message appeals to the target markets.…”

The Distinctiveness of Sport Management Theory and Research

“…Today, sport is a large business, ranking it among the top 15 enterprises in North America (Pitts & Stotlar, 2021). The growth of the sport industry has also been stronger than that of the general U.S. economy, developing at a rate twice as fast (Zhang et al, 2021). The significance of the sport industry in the United States is evidenced best by its: (a) entrance into mainstream business, as recognized by the Business Week, Wall Street Journal, and Fortune; (b) fundamental relationships with other social institutions, such as politics, education, economics, religion, and foreign relations; (c) key functions for helping solve major social problems facing the American society today; and (d) prevalence as a cultural icon in Hollywood sport films, media coverage, and daily life (Pitts & Stotlar, 2021;Zhang et al, 2015).…”