Issues and controversies in esophageal inlet patch

Abstract

The proximal esophagus is rarely examined, and its inspection is often inadequate. Optical chromoendoscopy techniques such as narrow band imaging improve the detection rate of inlet patches in the proximal esophagus, a region in which their prevalence is likely underestimated. Various studies have reported correlations between these esophageal marks with different issues such as Barrett’s esophagus, but these findings remain controversial. Conflicting reports complicate the process of interpreting the clinical features of esophageal inlet patches and underestimate their importance. Unfortunately, the limited clinical data and statistical analyses make reaching any conclusions difficult. It is hypothesized that inlet patches are correlated with various esophageal and extraesophageal symptoms, diagnoses and the personalized therapeutic management of patients with inlet patches as well as the differential diagnosis for premalignant lesions or early cancers. Due to its potential underdiagnosis, there are no consensus guidelines for the management and follow up of inlet patches. This review focuses on questions that were raised from published literature on esophageal inlet patches in adults.

Özofageal inlet patch: Hastaların demografik ve endoskopik karakteristikleri ve litaratürün gözden geçirilmesi

“…Akbayır et al also indicated that the rate of women was higher in their study (14). In a review by Ciocelteu et al, IP was more common in women and can appear as hypochondria when it is associated with anxiety (11). We found that the presence of more specific symptoms and the globus sensation were approximately 3 times higher in women then men (Table 1).…”

“…Interestingly, we did not find a significant relationship between IP size (p = 0.807) and IP numbers (p = 0.586) of 9 patients with globus sensation and 44 patients without it (Table 3). Ciocalteu et al also observed such a relationship (11).…”

“…Commonly reported symptoms (globus sensation, laryngopharengeal reflux and dysphagia) were in 10 (27.7%) of women and 4 (23.5%) of men (3,4). Globus sensation has been noted as the most common symptom in symptomatic patients (11).…”

Submucosal gastric heterotopia presenting as an upper esophageal nodule

“…GH is largely asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. Some symptoms include heartburn, chronic cough and hoarseness, which may be attributed to the potential of inlet patches produce acid, but mucous production has also been implicated [ 9 , 10 ]. Complications of esophageal GH include laryngitis, esophagitis, esophageal web, stricture, ulcer, perforation and fistula [ 10 ].…”

İnlet Patch Olgularının Retrospektif Tek Merkez Değerlendirilmesi

“…İP: İnlet patch, NBI: Dar band görüntüleme.ki darlık olabileceği düşünülmüştür(31,32). Yine literatürde İP'li hastalarda en sık semptomun boyuta bağlı korelasyonu olmayan globus hissi olduğu bildirilmiştir(22). Hori ve ark.…”