Issue interpretations and implementation analysis for the national greenhouse gas inventory: the case of Indonesia

Kawanishi, Masato; Morizane, Junko; Lubis, Nela Anjani; Fujikura, Ryo

doi:10.1007/s13412-020-00628-3

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…25 In international environmental law politics, the implementation of the Carbon Pricing Policy is based on Indonesia's commitment to achieving the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) target, namely Net Zero Emissions (NZE) no later than 2060 as the implementation of the Paris Agreement. 26 The Paris Agreement is one of the first of a new generation of multilateral environmental agreements in that it combines a number of "top-down" and "bottom-up" elements. The Paris Agreement goals address global emissions and thus have the potential to cover all sources of emissions that contribute to anthropogenic climate change.…”

Section: Judicial Reasoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Pricing Policy to Support Net Zero Emission: A Comparative Study of Indonesia, Finland and Sweden

Nurhayati,

Ifrani,

Said

et al. 2024

EPL

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The Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Indonesia in the Paris Agreement targeted emission reductions of 29% on its own and 41% with international cooperation in 2030, followed by Net Zero Emissions (NZE) in 2060. To achieve NZE, Indonesia enacted a carbon tax policy on April 1, 2022. The 2022–2024 carbon tax is limited to Steam Power Plants and will be imposed on other sectors by 2030. This research examines the ratio legis of carbon cost policies in Indonesia and compares the core of carbon tax policies in Indonesia with Sweden and Finland. Indonesia is starting to implement a Carbon Pricing policy under the ‘Cap-and-Tax’ scheme. The Cap scheme will be a means to force changes in the business culture in Indonesia, so the companies will pay attention to and reduce the carbon emission produced to avoid paying penalties for carbon exceeding the limits. Meanwhile, the Carbon Tax will provide economic resources to Indonesia to develop environmentally friendly technologies, fund research on renewable energy, and provide incentives for environmentally friendly businesses during the transition process to a carbon culture in Indonesia. Referring to the results of the comparison of carbon pricing policies in Finland and Sweden, Indonesia can gradually increase the cost of carbon taxes starting from Rp30,000/US$2 per ton CO2 equivalent to US$10 per ton CO2 equivalent. Meanwhile, for the imposition of high carbon tax rates, such as in Finland (US$73.02 per ton CO2 equivalent) and Sweden (US$137 per ton CO2 equivalent), Indonesia must carry out tax reforms, so the applied carbon tax is able to reduce carbon emissions without causing adverse impacts for the Indonesian economy.

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Section: Judicial Reasoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Pricing Policy to Support Net Zero Emission: A Comparative Study of Indonesia, Finland and Sweden

Nurhayati,

Ifrani,

Said

et al. 2024

EPL

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“…Bustamante et al [12] described Brazil's approach to involving the country's researchers for preparing GHG inventories in the forestry sector. Kawanishi and his colleagues carried out cross-country [13] as well as time-series [14] analyses to evaluate the institutional capacities for GHG inventory preparation in developing countries. Kawanishi and Fujikura [15] also examined the determinative factors in regard to the effectiveness of GHG inventory preparation in Japan, and assessed the applicability in developing countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Choice of Whether to Internalize or Outsource the Task of Greenhouse Gas Inventory Calculations: The Cases of Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand

Kawanishi¹,

Kato²,

Fujikura³

2021

IJSDP

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Developing countries need to build long-term institutional capabilities for a national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory under the transparency framework of the Paris Agreement. By selecting three Southeast Asian countries as the cases, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand, the present study comparatively examined their institutional designs for producing the GHG inventories. They are common in terms that their national focal points make the overall coordination and other relevant line ministries provide activity data. A major difference exists regarding who is tasked to perform calculations of GHG inventories. By using the framework of Hood concerning the choice of whether to work through specific performance contracts or through direct employment, this study discussed that the variations between the countries may be associated with their differences in the following two factors: One is the number of potential service providers, as expressed by the number of GHG inventory experts as registered in the roster of the United Nations, and the other is the level of uncertainty about how the task is to be done, as measured by a share of the agriculture, forestry and other land use sector in the national GHG inventory. The development of the endogenous research base can contribute to the long-term improvement in GHG inventories. The finding has implications for assistance in building the transparency-related capacity. Development cooperation with developing countries may extend to identifying the categories that are crucial for their current GHG inventories and collaborating relevant research activities with national experts, including young researchers.

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“…Although it was largely descriptive, Bustamante et al (2018) presented Brazil's approach to engaging the country's research community for producing GHG inventories in the forestry sector. Kawanishi and his colleagues assessed the institutional capacities for national GHG inventory preparation in developing countries through cross-country (Kawanishi et al, 2020a) and time-series (Kawanishi et al, 2020b) analyses. Umemiya et al (2017) analysed the status and changes in the capacity of developing countries in Asia by applying a matrix of capacityindicators.…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment for the implementation of a national greenhouse gas inventory: the case of Japan

Kawanishi

Fujikura

2020

MEQ

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PurposeBy applying a framework for implementation analysis, the authors aim to examine the evolution of Japan's national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory, assess the extent to which each condition for effective implementation has been met and identify factors that may contribute to transparency-related capacity building in developing countries.Design/methodology/approachThe case description was based on interviews and document reviews. The authors coded the collected data into the variables as identified under the framework for implementation analysis, and they evaluated the effectiveness according to the code of assessment.FindingsFirst, this study finds that the development of the endogenous research base can contribute to the continuous improvement in GHG inventories. Second, it highlights the boundary-spanning role played by a private-sector actor's facilitation of interactions among relevant actors. Third, the assessment revealed the criticality of the causal linkage, pointing to the importance of a commitment to emission reductions as a strong driver for the quality improvement of GHG inventories. Lastly, this study indicates a lack of data compatibility, which may potentially hinder effective policy implementation, suggesting the importance of integrated development of the national statistics.Originality/valueThe primary contribution of this paper lies in its use of a framework for implementation analysis, creating new possibilities for both practitioners and researchers. The present study pays attention to the fact that the national GHG inventory preparation, although a highly technical task, is crucial to each country's climate change policy implementation, an aspect that has not been focused on by prior studies.

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Issue interpretations and implementation analysis for the national greenhouse gas inventory: the case of Indonesia

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Carbon Pricing Policy to Support Net Zero Emission: A Comparative Study of Indonesia, Finland and Sweden

Carbon Pricing Policy to Support Net Zero Emission: A Comparative Study of Indonesia, Finland and Sweden

Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Choice of Whether to Internalize or Outsource the Task of Greenhouse Gas Inventory Calculations: The Cases of Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand

Assessment for the implementation of a national greenhouse gas inventory: the case of Japan

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