ISSR marker based genetic diversity assessment and phenotypic characterization in relation to the pathogenicity of Macrophomina phaseolina isolates in sesame

Genetic Structure of Macrophomina phaseolina Populations, the Causal Agent of Sesame Charcoal Rot Disease in Iran

“…In the present study, results have shown a high level of polymorphism among M. phaseolina populations of sesame with different geographical origins using neutral ISSR marker in southern Iran. These findings are consistent with previous studies (Aghakhani and Dubey, 2009;Khamari et al, 2023;Khamari et al, 2022;Linhai et al, 2011;Yousef, 2021) that have demonstrated high genetic diversity of M. phaseolina is reflected not only in isolates from different hosts but also within isolates collected from a special host or geographical origin. In general, high genetic diversity levels among a large collection of M. phaseolina populations could be attributed to parasexual recombination between nuclear genes or fusion of vegetative cells favoring heterokaryons, this is corroboration with earlier studies (Carlile, 1986).…”

“…To the best of our knowledge, the present work is a study of population structure of a large collection of M. phaseolina isolates collected from five different climatic regions in Iran; temperate with mild winters (Fars and Kogiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad provinces), warm and dry winter (Khuzestan province), and warm, dry with cool winter (Bushehr and Hormozgan provinces). ISSR marker has been extensively used for assessing variation within and among M. phaseolina species (Khamari et al, 2023;Khamari et al, 2022;Mahdizadeh et al, 2012;Salahlou et al, 2016;Yousef, 2021). In the present study, results have shown a high level of polymorphism among M. phaseolina populations of sesame with different geographical origins using neutral ISSR marker in southern Iran.…”

“…Genetic diversity analysis. Seven previously described ISSR primers, ISSR10, ISSR09, ISSR02, PcMs, P4, ISSR5, and ISSR3 (Khamari et al, 2022;Salahlou et al, 2016) amplified in each isolate. PCR amplifications were carried out in volumes of 20 μl comprising 1 μM primer (CinnaGen Co., Tehran, Iran), 0.4 μM dNTPs (MBI Fermentas), 1× Dream Taq buffer (MBI Fermentas), and 0.5 U Dream Taq DNA polymerase (MBI Fermentas).…”

“…This polyphagous pathogen has a wide host range, infects over 500 plant species in more than 100 families including monocot and dicot plant hosts, that considered as a major threat and distributed in most sesame-producing regions of the world, especially in dry and low rainy years (Farr and Rossman, 2023;Kumar and Dubey, 2023;Lodha and Mawar, 2020;Marquez et al, 2021;Sarr et al, 2014). Obviously, this pathogen's host diversity and geographical dispersal are responsible for its better survivability (Khamari et al, 2022;Kumar and Dubey, 2023;Lodha and Mawar, 2020;Vashisht et al, 2023).…”

“…In the last two decades, the genetic structure of M. phaseolina populations has been investigated with molecular markers e.g., amplified fragment length polymorphic DNA (AFLP) (Linhai et al, 2011;Mayék-Pérez et al, 2001;Saleh et al, 2010), restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the rDNA region (Purkayastha et al, 2006), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) (Mahdizadeh et al, 2012;Tančić Živanov et al, 2019;Yousef, 2021), and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) (Khamari et al, 2023;Khamari et al, 2022;Mahdizadeh et al, 2012;Yousef, 2021). Obtained results were inconsistent in these studies, while some studies disclosed a significant correlation between the geographical locations, genetic diversity and host plants of the isolates (Mahdizadeh et al, 2012;Reznikov et al, 2019); others were not capable to confirm these findings.…”