Isozyme electrophoretic characterization of 29 related cultivars of lily (Lilium spp.)

Abstract

Isozyme banding patterns (IBPs) were studied for cultivars of lily (Lilium spp.) by means of horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis (SGE). An array of continuous histidine-citrate buffer systems at eight ranges of pH and four extraction buffers were tested. On the basis of this survey, the extraction buffer two (Eb-2) and the buffer system E at pH 7.7 were found to be suitable for detection of lily isozymes. EC 5.3.1.9) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD; EC 1.1.1.44) were assayed. In total 29 cultivars were tested in this study: nine were analysed for all eight enzyme systems, 16 cultivars for seven systems, three for six, and one for five enzyme systems. Some IBP were identified as section-specific biochemical markers. Eight enzymes systems were analysed by constructing a dendogram using the unweighted pair group method, arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis. The analysis indicated that the lily cultivars could be separated from other Lilium species, except for two L. x formonlogi cultivars: ÔHakubaÕ and ÔHakukoÕ which could not be distinguished from each other by the isozyme patterns assayed here. This study shows that isozymes can provide useful biochemical markers for lily cultivar identification and to estimate the phylogenetic relationships among those cultivars.

Using multi-locus allelic sequence data to estimate genetic divergence among four Lilium (Liliaceae) cultivars

“…In our analyses Lilium cultivars “Connecticut King” and “White Fox,” belonging to sections Sinomartagon and Leucolirion (subsection b) respectively, always grouped together, while “Star Gazer” and “Trumpet” (sections Archelirion and Leucolirion subsection a) clustered together as well (Figures 2A–D ). Similar results were reported in other phylogenetic studies (Nishikawa et al, 1999 ; Arzate-Fernandez et al, 2005 ), based on cpDNA sequence comparisons. This is not in agreement with Comber's (Comber, 1949 ) classification, based on morphological and germination characteristics, in which “White Fox” and “Trumpet” belong to the same section (Leucolirion) .…”

“…Species of section Leucolirion (subsection a and b) that were supposed to cluster closely according to Comber (Comber, 1949 ), grouped separately. Species of Leucolirion (subsection b) were closer to section Sinomartagon , and species of Leucolirion (subsection a) were closer to section Archelirion in both studies (Nishikawa et al, 1999 ; Arzate-Fernandez et al, 2005 ). Lily breeding dates back about 200 years (Shimizu, 1987 ), significant breakthroughs are only 50 years old however, starting with the breeding of Asiatic hybrids (McRae, 1998 ).…”

“…Lilium is classified into seven sections based on 13 morphological and two germination characteristics (Comber, 1949 ), and into four hybrid groups: Asiatic (A, Sinomartagon section), Oriental (O, Archelirion section), Longiflorum (L, Leucolirion subsection b), and Trumpet hybrid groups (T, Leucolirion subsection a). Phylogenetic relationships within Lilium were reconstructed using molecular markers (Dubouzet and Shinoda, 1999 ; Nishikawa et al, 1999 , 2001 ; Arzate-Fernandez et al, 2005 ; Muratović et al, 2010 ). Most of the species clustered into clades correlating with their morphological classification of Comber ( 1949 ), but a few behaved differently.…”

Marker Assisted Characterization in Tigridia pavonia (L.f) DC

“…Approximately 50 mg of fresh leaf tissue from each sample was homogenized using a plastic chopstick in 50 μL extraction buffer Tris-HCl 0.1M, 2% EDTA-2Na, 50.4% glycerol, 3.2% Tween-80, and 0.8% DTT, pH 7.5 (Arzate-Fernández et al, 2005a).…”