“…However, the function , given by (1) and (2), has a hysteretic property even when . In order for to become a single-valued function when , the operator is defined as the following: The stop model (1) has the property of equal vertical chords regardless of dc bias [15], [16] as follows. Let and be the outputs on ascending and descending curves, respectively, for a back-and-forth input variation given by (5) having amplitude (5) where is an arbitrary dc bias (see Fig.…”