Isotopically enriched N‐MORB: A new geochemical signature of off‐axis plume‐ridge interaction—A case study at 50°28′E, Southwest Indian Ridge

Abstract

Interaction between the Southwest Indian Ridge (46°E and 52°20′E) and Crozet hotspot has been proposed by geophysical studies but remains controversial mostly due to the lack of E‐MORB (enriched mid‐ocean ridge basalts). Forty‐seven new samples collected from this region, including 15 from segment 27 centered at 50°28′E with a 10 km thick crust, are all N‐MORB (normal MORB) and can be classified into two groups: a high‐Al group only at 50°28′E and a Main group widespread. The former, with higher Al2O3 and lower TiO2 and SiO2, have slightly enriched Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐Pb isotopic compositions. We propose that their major and trace elemental signatures were modified by reaction with primitive cumulate in the crust, whereas the enriched isotopic compositions indicate the contribution of Crozet plume materials. During upslope flow of the Crozet plume to the ridge, decompression melting would occur along the path, which would deplete the plume in incompatible elements but not significantly change the isotopic compositions. Thus, when they finally reach the ridge, the depleted residue would remelt due to further decompression at MOR and produce isotopically enriched N‐MORB at segment 27. Isotopically enriched N‐MORB are known elsewhere, mostly at slower‐spreading ridges possibly influenced by plumes with large plume‐ridge distances. In particular, the constant Nd isotopic compositions with decreasing (La/Sm)N ratios for off‐axis magmatism between the Réunion hotspot toward the CIR perfectly match such a plume‐ridge interaction model. Therefore, aside from E‐MORB, isotopically enriched N‐MORB can also be considered as the geochemical signature for off‐axis plume‐ridge interaction.

Opening of the South China Sea and Upwelling of the Hainan Plume

“…Similar isotopically enriched N‐MORB rocks are common in oceanic ridge segments with large plume‐ridge distances, and those elemental depleted but isotopically enriched sources are proposed to be decompression remelting of elementally depleted residue of plume materials (Yang et al, ). The existence of off‐axis Hainan Plume has received support from increasing geophysical, petrologic, and geochemical evidence (Lei et al, ; X. C. Wang et al, ; Wang et al, ; S. Wei & Chen, ).…”

Structure and evolution of the Eastern part of the Southwest Indian Ridge

“…Предполагается, что в рассматриваемом районе действовали две горячие точки Крозе и Марион, ассоциируемые с крупным плюмом. На хребет оказывала преимущественное влияние горячая точка Марион [49]. Траектория ее перемещения окончательно не установлена.…”

“…На отрезке времени около 65-70 млн лет назад горячая точка располагалась в южной части плато, и могла стать одной из причин перескока спрединга в северном направлении с отрезка Юго-Западного Индийского хребта, расположенного между плато Конрад и Дель Кано. В процессе раскола, вызванного спредингом на Юго-Западном Индийском хребте, центр горячей точки переместился на Антарктическую плиту и около 60-70 млн лет назад началось формирование плато Дель Кано [49].…”

“…6). Предполагается, что его формирование связано с импульсом активности горячей точки Крозе, расположенной на расстоянии около 800 км к югу от хребта [39,49,50,51].…”

“…6). Для коры блока характерны положительные аномалии остаточной батиметрии [49,51]. Предположительно, ее формирование происходило в условиях воздействия горячей точки.…”