Isotopic study of the rates of hydrogen provision vs. methanol synthesis from CO2 over Cu–Ga–Zr catalysts

CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol over ZrO2-Containing Catalysts: Insights into ZrO2 Induced Synergy

“…With small amount (e.g., 5 at%) of Zr 4+ substituted by La 3+ for the Cu/ZrO 2 catalysts, the concentration of basic sites increases, favoring the production of methanol . In another example, the Ga 2 O 3 -promoted Cu/ZrO 2 catalyst is 5-fold more active for methanol production (per catalyst specific surface) than Cu/ZrO 2 …”

“…Among different oxides, ZrO 2 shows unique properties as a support or promoter for CO 2 hydrogenation due to its weak hydrophilic character that benefits the desorption of produced water, enhancing both the methanol production rate and the selectivity. ,,,, Over the past decades, centering on the role of ZrO 2 , substantial progress has been made in designing high performance catalysts and understanding the hydrogenation mechanisms. The presence of ZrO 2 in catalysts could affect the CO 2 adsorption and activation, − tune the dissociation of H 2 and subsequent spillover of atomic hydrogen, − stabilize the active species, ,− change the reaction pathways , and bind the key reaction intermediates for further conversion, ,,, via improving the metal dispersion and surface area, ,,,,− modifying surface properties (e.g., basicity and defect concentration) ,,,,, and/or interacting with other components (active metals, cosupports and/or promoters). ,,,,− Recently, it was observed that the ZnO-ZrO 2 solid solution in the absence of metals also shows good activity for CO 2 hydrogenation to methanol . Although experimental and computational investigations have been extensively performed on the synergistic effects in the catalyst systems, the multiple roles of using oxides (especially ZrO 2 ) as supports are still under debate and the knowledge in guiding the design of high-performance catalysts with desired oxide supports remains inadequate.…”

Spinel ZnFe2O4 Regulates Copper Sites for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol

“…3,4 Although methanol synthesis has been widely studied for the past few years, there is still plenty of room for improving the catalytic performance of the catalysts. 5,6 Moreover, understanding the intrinsic activity of the active sites is still fundamentally important for tackling this challenge.…”

“…Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that results in climate warming and therefore its elimination has attracted great attention. The demand for energy resources in recent years has further prompted many researchers to switch to CO 2 capture and conversion, which is due to the feasible transformation of CO 2 to high-value products including methanol, higher alcohols, and hydrocarbons. , Since Nobel laureate Olah proposed the concept of “methanol economy,” the hydrogenation of CO 2 to CH 3 OH has attracted great interest by researchers. , Although methanol synthesis has been widely studied for the past few years, there is still plenty of room for improving the catalytic performance of the catalysts. , Moreover, understanding the intrinsic activity of the active sites is still fundamentally important for tackling this challenge.…”

Low-Temperature Catalytic Dry Reforming of Methane over Pd Promoted Ni–CaO–Ca12Al14O33 Multifunctional Catalyst

“…Following this scenario, carbon capture, storage, and utilization (CCSU) technologies have attracted extensive attention for CO 2 emission reduction, in an effort to meet the 2 °C goal by the end of this century. Among them, fuel and chemical production by CO 2 hydrogenation have received in-depth investigations and have been demonstrated in the pilot scale. − However, scaling up CO 2 hydrogenation is currently limited, due to the high cost, low availability, and transport inconvenience of hydrogen. , As an alternative solution, CO 2 reforming of methane, known as dry reforming of methane (DRM), has been proven as an industrially profitable and environmentally friendly process, as it converts two greenhouse gases into syngas and thus enables subsequent chemical synthesis . Meanwhile, the increasing production of shale gas and potential availability of methane hydrates worldwide renders DRM process more advantageous than CO 2 hydrogenation. The DRM reaction favors high temperature (>750 °C) thermodynamically to achieve commercially profitable CH 4 conversion and an equimolar mixture of CO and H 2 , due to its strongly endothermic nature and the high chemical inertia of both CH 4 and CO 2 molecules. , However, DRM usually suffers from deactivation of catalysts, due to severe structural deterioration and rapid coke accumulation at high operating temperatures. , In addition, the high operating temperature also makes the DRM reaction highly energy-intensive, and imposes harsh requirements to the reactors, resulting in weakened competitiveness both industrially and commercially. , In light of this, lowering the temperature of the DRM reaction might be a straightforward solution.…”