Isotopic Dependence of Vapor Pressure in Xenon

Alamre, Amal; Badhrees, I.; Death, Brandon; Licciardi, C.; Sinclair, D.

doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c02883

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…( 25 This dependence is also consistent, within errors, with the measurements of Ref. [19], of ln α 36−40 = ln α 38−40 ×(2.3 ± 0.2) at 87.3 K. The relative uncertainty from these measurements was propagated on the final estimate of the quantity ln α 38−40 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Measurement of isotopic separation of argon with the prototype of the cryogenic distillation plant Aria for dark matter searches

DarkSide-20k¹

2023

Preprint

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The Aria cryogenic distillation plant, located in Sardinia, Italy, is a key component of the DarkSide-20k experimental program for WIMP dark matter searches at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. Aria is designed to purify the argon, extracted from underground wells in Colorado, USA, and used as the DarkSide-20k target material, to detector-grade quality.In this paper, we report the first measurement of argon isotopic separation by distillation with the 26 m tall Aria prototype. We discuss the measurement of the operating parameters of the column and the observation of the simultaneous separation of the three stable argon isotopes: 36 Ar, 38 Ar, and 40 Ar. We also provide a detailed comparison of the experimental results with commercial process simulation software.This measurement of isotopic separation of argon is a significant achievement for the project, building on the success of the initial demonstration of isotopic separation of nitrogen using the same equipment in 2019.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Measurement of isotopic separation of argon with the prototype of the cryogenic distillation plant Aria for dark matter searches

DarkSide-20k¹

2023

Preprint

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“…Condensation can cause fractionation. At 60 K, the difference in vapor pressures between 130 Xe and 136 Xe is expected to be of the order of 1‰, using data and equations given by Alamre et al (2020). At peak condensation, only 2% of Xe remains in the vapor phase for a nominal 40 times solar enhancement, which implies that the vapor's 136 Xe/ 130 Xe ratio could be enriched ( ) ~1 0.02 4‰ 0.001 by Rayleigh distillation.…”

Section: Xe Fractionation In Condensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noble Gas Planetology and the Xenon Clouds of Uranus

Zahnle

2024

Planet. Sci. J.

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Noble gases provide tracers of cosmic provenance that are accessible to a future Uranus atmospheric probe. Argon and krypton are expected to be well mixed on Uranus with respect to H2 and He, although condensation at the winter pole may be possible. The Ar/H2 and Ar/Kr ratios address whether the materials accreted by Uranus resembled the extremely cold materials accreted by Jupiter’s atmosphere, whether they were warmer, like comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (67P/C-G), or whether Uranus is like neither. Xenon condenses as an ice, probably on methane ice, in Uranus’s upper troposphere. Condensation may complicate the interpretation of Xe/H2, but it also presents an opportunity to collect concentrated xenon samples suitable for measuring isotopes. Solar system Xe tracks three distinct nucleosynthetic xenon reservoirs, one evident in the Sun and in chondritic meteorites, a second in refractory presolar grains, and a third evident in comet 67P/C-G and in Earth’s air. The first and third reservoirs appear to have been captured from different clouds of gas. The two gases do not appear to have been well mixed; moreover, the high 129Xe/132Xe ratio in 67P/C-G implies that the gas was captured before the initial nucleosynthetic complement of 129I (15.7 Myr half-life) had decayed. Xenon’s isotopic peculiarities, if seen in Uranus, could usefully upset our understanding of planetary origins. Krypton’s isotopic anomalies are more subtle and may prove hard to measure. There is a slight chance that neon and helium fractionations can be used to constrain how Uranus acquired its nebular envelope.

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“…Recent analytical developments − for precise measurement of dissolved argon, krypton, and xenon isotope ratios in groundwater and seawater have enabled new applications for paleoclimate, groundwater hydrogeology, and atmosphere–ocean gas exchange. , In addition to their broad applications in the geosciences, noble gas isotopes are also of fundamental interest to physical chemistry because of their inherent simplicity as inert, monatomic gases. For example, vapor–pressure isotope effects (VPIEs) of noble gasesi.e., the difference in vapor pressure between isotopes of the same noble gasprovide a useful means of evaluating physical models rooted in interatomic potential functions via comparison to measurements of noble gas isotope fractionation. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubility Equilibrium Isotope Effects of Noble Gases in Water: Theory and Observations

Seltzer,

Shackleton,

Bourg

2023

J. Phys. Chem. B

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The abundance and isotopic composition of noble gases dissolved in water have many applications in the geosciences. In recent years, new analytical techniques have opened the door to the use of high-precision measurements of noble gas isotopes as tracers for groundwater hydrology, oceanography, mantle geochemistry, and paleoclimatology. These analytical advances have brought about new measurements of solubility equilibrium isotope effects (SEIEs) in water (i.e., the relative solubilities of noble gas isotopes) and their sensitivities to the temperature and salinity. Here, we carry out a suite of classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and employ the theoretical method of quantum correction to estimate SEIEs for comparison with experimental observations. We find that classical MD simulations can accurately predict SEIEs for the isotopes of Ar, Kr, and Xe to order 0.01‰, on the scale of analytical uncertainty. However, MD simulations consistently overpredict the SEIEs of Ne and He by up to 40% of observed values. We carry out sensitivity tests at different temperatures, salinities, and pressures and employ different sets of interatomic potential parameters and water models. For all noble gas isotopes, the TIP4P water model is found to reproduce observed SEIEs more accurately than the SPC/E and TIP4P/ice models. Classical MD simulations also accurately capture the sign and approximate magnitude of temperature and salinity sensitivities of SEIEs for heavy noble gases. We find that experimental and modeled SEIEs generally follow an inverse-square mass dependence, which implies that the mean-square force experienced by a noble gas atom within a solvation shell is similar for all noble gases. This inverse-square mass proportionality is nearly exact for Ar, Kr, and Xe isotopes, but He and Ne exhibit a slightly weaker mass dependence. We hypothesize that the apparent dichotomy between He–Ne and Ar–Kr–Xe SEIEs may result from atomic size differences, whereby the smaller noble gases are more likely to spontaneously fit within cavities of water without breaking water–water H-bonds, thereby experiencing softer collisions during translation within a solvation shell. We further speculate that the overprediction of simulated He and Ne SEIEs may result from the neglection of higher-order quantum corrections or the overly stiff representation of van der Waals repulsion by the widely used Lennard-Jones 6–12 potential model. We suggest that new measurements of SEIEs of heavy and light noble gases may represent a novel set of constraints with which to refine hydrophobic solvation theories and optimize the set of interatomic potential models used in MD simulations of water and noble gases.

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Isotopic Dependence of Vapor Pressure in Xenon

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Measurement of isotopic separation of argon with the prototype of the cryogenic distillation plant Aria for dark matter searches

Measurement of isotopic separation of argon with the prototype of the cryogenic distillation plant Aria for dark matter searches

Noble Gas Planetology and the Xenon Clouds of Uranus

Solubility Equilibrium Isotope Effects of Noble Gases in Water: Theory and Observations

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