Isotopic constraints on water source mixing, network leakage and contamination in an urban groundwater system

Grimmeisen, Felix; Lehmann, Moritz F.; Liesch, Tanja; Goeppert, Nadine; Klinger, Jochen; Zopfi, Jakob; Goldscheider, Nico

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.054

Cited by 55 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Escherichia coli (E. coli) and pharmaceuticals (Schmidt et al 2013;Doummar et al 2014;Zemann et al 2015;Tagar et al 2007;Anayah and Almasri 2009). Some studies have estimated the proportion of wastewater in groundwater (Schmidt et al 2013;Grimmeisen et al 2017). In this context, mixing models are commonly applied for quantifying the source contributions to a mixture (Vázquez-Suñé et al 2010), based on the different chemical signature of the endmembers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The karst aquifer system below the city As-Salt in the Wadi Shueib in Jordan is known for being affected by city effluents from imported freshwater supply and sewer network leakages, which contribute 30-64% to recharge, whereby 5-18% is wastewater (Grimmeisen et al 2017). These estimates are based on ternary mixture calculations using stable isotope ratios (δD H2O and δ 18 O H2O ) of water and chloride (Cl − ) but showed the need for further investigations of the water chemistry of imported water and its endmembers as well as an overall hydrochemical characterization of the Wadi Shueib groundwater system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrochemical evaluation of water resources and human impacts on an urban karst system, Jordan

et al. 2020

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Urban karst aquifers are threatened by anthropogenic activities, especially in semiarid developing countries. Recent water-sampling campaigns assessed the extent of groundwater-quality impairment in the Wadi Shueib in Jordan by a comprehensive hydrogeological and hydrochemical characterization of groundwater, wastewater, and imported water with its endmembers Lake Tiberias, Yarmouk River and Mukheiba wellfield. The results of a ternary mixing model with the mass ratios of Cl−/Br− and Ca2+/Mg2+ indicate that Lake Tiberias and Yarmouk River provide most of the imported water at the time of sampling in 2017 and Mukheiba wellfield provided minor amounts. The similarity in seasonal variations of Br− concentrations in the springs and the imported water revealed that imported water has generally a greater impact on groundwater than wastewater. However, the Br− concentrations also showed that the spatial wastewater impact is more visible towards urbanized areas due to increased infiltration of pollutants. The analysis of historical data series demonstrated the long-term urban impact on groundwater by an electrical conductivity increase over several decades, particularly since the mid-1990s, which is related to a doubling of Jordan’s population since that time and the associated urban growth. In this context, increased chloride and sulfate concentrations are noticeable due to the increased impact of more highly mineralized imported water and wastewater and decreasing recharge of low-mineralized rainwater. This study showed the hydrochemical differences in the Wadi Shueib groundwater system and serves as an example for the spatial and long-term response of karst aquifers to anthropogenic, seasonally variable input of imported water and wastewater.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical evaluation of water resources and human impacts on an urban karst system, Jordan

et al. 2020

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Section: Introductionunclassified

“…A contaminação das águas subterrâneas por nitrato foi associada ao emprego extensivo de fertilizantes em amplas áreas agrícolas em diversas regiões do mundo (GORMLY & SPALDING 1979, BÖHLKE 2002, WANG et al 2016, SPALDING et al 2019. Por sua vez, o vazamento de esgoto em ambientes urbanos está igualmente entre as principais fontes de contaminação de águas subterrâneas por nitrato (MONTANHEIRO 2014, ZHANG et al 2015, GRIMMEISEN et al 2017, VYSTAVNA et al 2017. No Brasil, são muitos os estudos descrevendo a contaminação de aquíferos por nitrato: CASTRO et al (1992), MELO et al (1998), GODOY et al (2004), CABRAL et al (2009), VARNIER et al (2010, STRADIOTO et al (2011), MOURA et al (2013), MONTANHEIRO & CHANG (2016), VICENTE et al (2018), MARQUES et al (2019), dentre outros.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Nitrato em águas subterrâneas do Estado de São Paulo

Stradioto¹,

Teramoto²,

Chang³

2019

Rev. Inst. Geol.

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A utilização de águas subterrâneas vem sendo incrementada na mesma proporção em que se observa a deterioração de sua qualidade, com a consequente perda de sua potabilidade. Dentre os agentes que contribuem para a perda de potabilidade dessas águas destaca-se o nitrato, que constitui o contaminante mais comum de águas subterrâneas, notadamente em regiões urbanas. Em razão da elevada solubilidade e estabilidade química do nitrato, a contaminação pode abranger grandes extensões. A principal fonte de contaminação por nitrato é o esgoto doméstico, particularmente onde o saneamento básico é incipiente ou a manutenção da rede de esgoto é insuficiente para prevenir o vazamento de volumes expressivos de esgoto em subsuperfície. Foram analisadas 840 amostras de águas subterrâneas, provenientes dos principais sistemas aquíferos (Cristalino, Tubarão, Guarani, Serra Geral, Bauru e Taubaté) distribuídos pelo território paulista, com vistas a apresentar um diagnóstico detalhado da contaminação por nitrato no estado. Os resultados foram comparados com o padrão de potabilidade estabelecido pela Portaria de Consolidação n° 5/2017 do Ministério da Saúde e com o Valor de Prevenção estabelecido pela CETESB no documento "Qualidade das Águas Subterrâneas no Estado de São Paulo -2016-2018". Das amostras analisadas, 70 (8,4%) ultrapassam o valor máximo permitido pela Portaria e 159 (18,9%) estão acima do valor de prevenção. Observa-se que o Sistema Aquífero Bauru é o mais impactado pela contaminação por nitrato, em razão de sua ampla extensão, sua natureza aflorante e grande número de poços que extraem água deste sistema. Na condição oposta, o Sistema Aquífero Guarani é o menos impactado, uma vez que a maior parte deste sistema está confinado, impedindo o ingresso de contaminação oriunda da superfície. Palavras-chave: Contaminação por nitrato; Águas subterrâneas; Qualidade de águas subterrâneas; Sistema aquífero; Contaminação em áreas urbanas.ABSTRACT NITRATES IN GROUNDWATER OF THE STATE OF SÃO PAULO. As groundwater consumption increases, its quality and consequently its potability are proportionally affected. Nitrates stand out among the agents that contribute to the loss of groundwater potability, as they are the most common groundwater contaminants, notably in urban regions. Furthermore, because of their high solubility and chemical stability, nitrate contamination can extend over large areas. The main source of nitrate contamination is domestic sewage, particularly where basic sanitation is incipient, or maintenance of the sewerage system is inadequate to prevent significant sewage leakage to the subsurface. A total of 840 groundwater samples collected from the main aquifer systems distributed throughout the State of São Paulo (Cristalino, Tubarão, Guarani, Serra Geral, Bauru and Taubaté) were analyzed for this study, which aimed at a detailed diagnosis of the nitrate contamination in the State.

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“…Quantitatively evaluating the contribution proportions of the different nitrate sources is important for prevention and control of groundwater nitrate pollution. Based on stable isotope technique, many models for identifying source contribution have been established (Moore and Semmens 2008;Parnell and Jackson 2008;Parnell et al 2010;Matiatos 2016;Grimmeisen et al 2017). SIAR (Stable Isotope Analysis In R) is a Bayesian mixing model based on Direchlet distribution (Jackson et al 2009;Parnell and Jackson 2008), showing good ability of solving limits of mass-balance mixing models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment and source identification of coastal groundwater nitrate in northern China using dual nitrate isotopes combined with Bayesian mixing model

Wen

Feng

Lü

et al. 2017

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

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Due to the intensive and complicated human activities, the identification of nitrate pollution source of coastal aquifer is usually a challenge. This study firstly adopted stable isotope technique and stable isotope analysis in R (SIAR) model to identify the nitrate sources and contribution proportions of different sources in typical coastal groundwater of northern China. The results showed that about 91.5% of the groundwater samples illustrated significantly high nitrate concentrations exceeding the maximum WHO drinking water standard (50 mg/l), reflecting the high risk of groundwater nitrate pollution in the coastal area. A total of 57 sampling sites were classified into three groups according to hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The d 15 N-NO 3 ¡ and d 18 O-NO 3 ¡ values of groundwater samples from Group C (including nine samples) were much higher than those from Group A (including 40 samples) and Group B (including 8 samples). SIAR results showed that NH 4 C fertilizer was the dominant nitrate source for groundwater samples of Groups A and B while manure and sewage (M&S) served as dominant source for Group C. This study provided essential information on the high risk and pollution sources of coastal groundwater nitrate of northern China.

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Isotopic constraints on water source mixing, network leakage and contamination in an urban groundwater system

Cited by 55 publications

References 52 publications

Hydrochemical evaluation of water resources and human impacts on an urban karst system, Jordan

Hydrochemical evaluation of water resources and human impacts on an urban karst system, Jordan

Nitrato em águas subterrâneas do Estado de São Paulo

Risk assessment and source identification of coastal groundwater nitrate in northern China using dual nitrate isotopes combined with Bayesian mixing model

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