Isothermal vapour–liquid equilibria for the binary system benzene–n‐octane

Elshayal, I. M.; Lu, Benjamin C.‐Y.

doi:10.1002/jctb.5010180905

Cited by 16 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The present study is based on the Google Earth (GE) satellite images, and the first step is to check for the availability of satellite imagery which is free from clouds because even a small patch of clouds in the GE image may affect the classification results. Finally, the cloud-free GE images covering the study area of Vellore, India, were downloaded using an open-source software, namely, the "Smart GIS" (Elshayal, 2023). The maximum possible zoom level was set in software, and the GE images covering the study area were then downloaded.…”

Section: Data Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is ward-level calculation of urban green space availability important?—A case study on Vellore city, India, using the histogram-based spectral discrimination approach

Gaikadi,

Kumar

2024

Front. Sustain. Cities

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How much green space is available for individuals is a major question that city planners are generally interested in, and the present study aimed to address this issue in the context of Vellore, India, through two approaches, namely, the per capita and the geographical area approach. In existing studies, urban green space (UGS) was only calculated at the macro level, i.e., for the city as a whole. Micro-or ward-level analysis was not attempted before, and the present study carried out the same to get a clear picture of the amount of greenery available in each ward of a city. For this purpose, a two-step approach was proposed where the histograms of Google Earth (GE) images were analyzed first to check whether the green cover types such as trees, shrubs/grassland, and cropland were spectrally different. Then, classification techniques such as ISODATA, maximum likelihood, support vector machine (SVM), and object-based methods were applied to the GE images. It was found that SVM performed well in extracting different green cover types with the highest overall accuracy of 93% and Kappa coefficient of 0.881. It was found that when considering the city as a whole, the amount of UGS available is 42% of the total area, which is more than the recommended range of 20–40%. Similarly, the available UGS per person is 97.84 m2, which is far above the recommended 12 m2/person. However, the micro-level analysis revealed that some of the wards have not satisfied the criteria of per capita and percentage area, though the city as a whole has satisfied both the criteria. Thus, the results indicate the importance of calculating the urban green space availability at the ward level rather than the city level as the former gives a closer look at the surplus and deficit areas. The results of terrestrial LiDAR survey at individual tree level revealed that if trees are located adjacent to buildings or roads, it results in fewer heat islands compared to the case where there are no trees.

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Section: Data Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is ward-level calculation of urban green space availability important?—A case study on Vellore city, India, using the histogram-based spectral discrimination approach

Gaikadi,

Kumar

2024

Front. Sustain. Cities

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“…Comparison of the predicted bubble-point temperature with the experimental values reported by Ridgway and Butler [18] for the {n-hexane + cyclohexane + benzene} system at 101. 33 termine the optimal size parameters for the non-hydrocarbon components and the binary interaction parameters by regression on the VLE data of all constituent binary systems. A more extensive account of the application of the reformulated van Laar equations to multicomponent mixtures involving one or more polar components is in preparation and will be presented in a forthcoming paper…”

Section: Application Of the Reformulated Van Laar Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending the Van Laar Model to Multicomponent Systems~!2010-04-11~!2010-04-19~!2010-06-24~!

Peng¹

2010

TOTHERJ

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The original van Laar equation for representing the excess Gibbs free energies of liquid mixtures contains certain deficiencies that have prevented the equation from being applied to multicomponent systems. We have analyzed the temperature dependency of the energy parameter in modern cubic equations of state and modified the original van Laar equation with a view to extending the equation to multicomponent systems. It is found that the consideration of the temperature dependency of the energy parameter has lead to a modified van Laar equation involving additional terms. These extra terms serve to provide some physical significance that can be attached to the van Laar equation to allow it to unambiguously represent the behavior of the excess Gibbs free energy and activity coefficients of nonideal solutions. The final form of the modified van Laar equation for multicomponent mixtures involves two size parameters and an interaction parameter for each of the constituent binary pairs; the latter parameter replaces a term consisting of a combination of the two energy parameters and two size parameters for the components in a binary mixture. For mixtures involving only hydrocarbons the size parameters can be readily calculated from the critical properties by means of any of the cubic equations of state of the van der Waals type.

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Benzene C6H6 + C8H18 Octane

Wichterle¹,

Linek²,

Wagner³

et al.

Binary Liquid Systems of Nonelectrolytes. Part 1

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Isothermal vapour–liquid equilibria for the binary system benzene–n‐octane

Abstract: Vapour–liquid equilibrium data were determined at three isothermal conditions for the binary system benzene–n‐octane using a modified Gillespie still. Non‐ideality of the vapour phase was evaluated and log γ values were correlated.

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Is ward-level calculation of urban green space availability important?—A case study on Vellore city, India, using the histogram-based spectral discrimination approach

Is ward-level calculation of urban green space availability important?—A case study on Vellore city, India, using the histogram-based spectral discrimination approach

Extending the Van Laar Model to Multicomponent Systems~!2010-04-11~!2010-04-19~!2010-06-24~!

Benzene C6H6 + C8H18 Octane

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