Isothermal start-up of pipeline transporting waxy crude oil

Chang, Cheng; Nguyen, Q. Dzuy; Rønningsen, Hans Petter

doi:10.1016/s0377-0257(99)00059-2

Cited by 186 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The resultant effect on the petroleum industries include among others, reduced or deferred production, well shut-in, pipeline replacements and/or abandonment. For efficient operation of a pipeline system, steady and continuous flow without any interruption is desirable (Chang et al, 1999). The difficulties in pipeline transportation are due to this complex nature of crude oil, which cause a variety of difficulties during the production, separation, transportation and refining of oil (AlBesharah et al, 1987).…”

Section: Wwwintechopencommentioning

confidence: 99%

Crude Oil Transportation: Nigerian Niger Delta Waxy Crude

Taiwo¹,

Otolorin²,

Afolabi³

2012

Crude Oil Exploration in the World

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Section: Wwwintechopencommentioning

confidence: 99%

Crude Oil Transportation: Nigerian Niger Delta Waxy Crude

Taiwo¹,

Otolorin²,

Afolabi³

2012

Crude Oil Exploration in the World

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“…The production rate has increased swiftly since its first production in the 1940s owing to the depletion of production at onshore fields. The production of crude oil from deep and ultra-deep waters is expected to make up the majority of the supply for our energy needs in the near future, which in turn requires investigations to alleviate problems encountered during transportation [2][3][4]. Waxy crude oil at offshore fields is mainly known for its high wax content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of convective heat transfer coefficient and initial temperature of waxy crude oil on the formation of voids

Chala¹,

Sulaiman²,

Japper-Jaafar³

et al. 2016

Int. J. Automot. Mech. Eng.

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This paper presents the convective heat transfer coefficient of waxy crude oil while undergoing cooling and reports the influence of initial temperature on the intra-gel void formation. A flow loop rig was used to cool down waxy crude oil to the same end temperature while varying the initial temperature to observe the effects of initial temperature on the voids formed. The convective heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate of waxy crude oil subjected to cooling were calculated. It was observed that the heat transfer rate and the convective heat transfer coefficient of waxy crude oil below the wax appearance temperature were much lower than that of the Newtonian liquid crude oil owing to the wax crystal formation entrapping some liquid crude oil within it, below which the formation of voids is eminent. In addition, it was found that lower initial temperatures tend to form higher void volumes near pipe walls and in the entire pipe with a maximum change in void volume of 0.9% observed between the maximum and the minimum initial temperature tested. The insignificant influence of initial temperature on intra-gel void formation was also observed as the waxes are liquid above the wax appearance temperature.

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“…The high viscous nature of heavy oil, viscosity in the range of 1x10 4 cP, requires that the viscosity be reduced to approximately 400cP for its effective and efficient production and transportation. Researchers in this field have reported several techniques employed by industry to achieve reduction in heavy oil/bitumen viscosity such as the use of heating system in the formation and/or pipeline [1,2], addition of liquid diluents and injection of liquids or gaseous diluents into the formation, and the use of water and emulsion [3][4][5]. Although these methods, to an extent have been effective in reducing the oil viscosity the high costs of energy and diluents restrict their frequent applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the influence of asphaltenes on modeling of viscosity of Nigerian crude mixtures

Miadonye¹,

Dan-Ali²,

Onwude³

et al. 2011

WIT Transactions on Modelling and Simulation

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In this study, the effect of asphaltenes on the viscosity of Nigerian light crude oils at different temperatures was studied. Different weight per cent of bitumen containing 14 per cent asphaltenes and deasphalted bitumen samples from Alberta, Canada were mixed with Nigerian crude oils. The mixtures were prepared from five light crude oil samples and two bitumen samples. The experimental viscosity data obtained at different temperatures and weight per cent of the bitumen samples were correlated with the viscosity equation of Singh et al. The viscosity of pure crude oils (for instance, Forcados crude oil) containing asphalted and deasphalted bitumen (Rush Lake and Plover Lake bitumen) increased by as much as 160% and 60% respectively.However, the results obtained from correlating the viscosity data with the equation indicated that the discrepancies in measured data could be mainly attributed to the presence of asphaltenes, but the percent errors between measured and predicted viscosity were consistent for the entire samples. The results were identified the light crude oils as better alternative diluents for the production and transportation of heavy crude petroleum.

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Isothermal start-up of pipeline transporting waxy crude oil

Cited by 186 publications

References 36 publications

Crude Oil Transportation: Nigerian Niger Delta Waxy Crude

Crude Oil Transportation: Nigerian Niger Delta Waxy Crude

Investigation of convective heat transfer coefficient and initial temperature of waxy crude oil on the formation of voids

Study of the influence of asphaltenes on modeling of viscosity of Nigerian crude mixtures

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