Isothermal mass crystallization of ammonium and potassium nitrates from Tergitol NP-4-based water-in-oil microemulsions

Composition and Size of Reverse Micelles of Tergitol NP-4 and Tergitol NP-4 + AOT inN-Decane during Evaporation Crystallization of KNO3

“…In our work, 4 powdered potassium and ammonium nitrates were produced by evaporating water from reverse microemulsions formed by nonionic surfactant Tergitol NP-4 in decane. It was shown that crystallization requires distillation of a small volume of solubilized water pseudophase (only 1−2 vol % of the total volume).…”

“…We think that the beginning of crystallization is the moment when the solution grows drastically turbid during evaporation of water, which is observed either visually or with the help of a device. For the latter case, a spectrophotometer was used to register the decrease in the intensity of transmitted light and the static and dynamic scattering spectrometer 4 was used to measure the increase in the intensity of light scattering at an angle of 90°. The upper crystallization boundary is restricted to a solubilization line.…”

Food-Grade Submicrometer Particles from Salts Prepared Using Ethanol-in-Oil Mixtures

“…Subsequently, both phases (water and apolar solvent) are evaporated. By removing water from the micelles, salt/surfactant composites are formed, which can be resuspended in an apolar solvent. , Preparation of submicrometer particles of water-soluble salts through evaporation of the liquid phases from the w/o microemulsion has been described extensively in the literature. − Typically water is used as a polar solvent, heptane is used as an apolar solvent, and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) is applied as surfactant. Heptane is also often used as apolar phase for redispersing the submicrometer particles.…”