Isothermal compressibilities of alkaline earth oxides at 21 C

Abstract

Comp ressio n measurements were made by t he piston-displacement method on powdered alkaline earth oxides at 21 0 C at 1,000-atmosp here inte rvals for press ures between 2,000 a nd 10,000 atmospheres. Pressure volum e data are linear \yit hin experimental error. Compressibilities, {3, and standard deviations of compressibili ties, u, in units of 10-6 per atmosp here are as follows: BeO, {3 = 0.27, u= 0.04 ; MgO, {3 = 0.60, u= 0.12; CaO, {3 = 0.89, u= 0 .04; SrO, {3 = 0.84, u = O.lO ; BaO, {3 = 1.76, u= 0.05 . Some abnormali ty in compressibility behavior fo r· CaO and SrO is noted. This is probably related to a similar abnormality in densities.

The repulsion energies in ionic compounds

“…( 6) and (27), 1: (28) All the quantities in Y can be measured but in most cases independent estimates of E are insufficiently precise. 16 We may write (28) therefore as an equation whose left-hand side is known, so that E and go may be obtained, preferably by least-square methods. In some cases, C(MX) and Z are not known ; for these we shall neglect all the terms in the second bracket in eqn.…”

Isothermal compressibility of kyanite, andalusite, and sillimanite from synthetic aggregates

“…Suitable polycrystalline material is, however, almost as scarce as large single crystals because it must be monomineralic of vanishingly low porosity, as well. Bridgman [1932] and Weir [1956] overcame this difficulty by using synthetic aggregates. The procedure was to press a powder of the selected mineral to a dense aggregate, either at room temperature or at several hundred degrees, and then to the best sample of polycrystalline MgO available to Bridgman [1932] was, because of porosity, nearly twice as compressible as a single crystal.…”

Effects of Kerogen Content on Elastic Properties‐Based on Artificial Organic‐Rich Shale (AORS)

“…Similarity in the elastic properties is prerequisite for the feasibility of selective kerogen analog during the construction of artificial shale. After comprehensively analyzing properties of the selected material and reported approaches (single‐crystal method by Simmons, ; synthetic aggregate method by Weir, ; synthetic mixture method by Brace et al, ; mixture method by Wang et al, ; atomic force acoustic microscopy by Prasad et al, , and Chung, ; and hot‐pressing method by Vanorio et al, ; as well as first principles calculations by Sato et al, ), in this paper, we apply the synthetic mixture method with the hot‐pressing technique to build a synthetic aggregate consisting of the kerogen analog together with the powdered solid minerals. The principle of such method can be described as following: The mixture of kerogen analog and ductile solid of known modules is hot pressed into a sample; thus, the dynamic properties of the unknown analog can be derived by a Voigt‐Reuss averaging procedure with the measurement of the aggregate and known dynamic properties of the matrix.…”

“…Kaarsberg (1959) made pioneering study on shale by measuring the internal acoustic velocity and the bulk density of a variety of natural shales and artificial aggregates and attempted to ascertain how mineral composition, particle orientation, and interparticle adhesion affect velocity and density. Thereafter, significant progress had been made on theoretical modeling (Hornby et al, 1994;Sayers, 1994 Gas-Bearing Shale Reservoir in North America and China (Curtis, 1991(Curtis, , 2002Hill et al, 2004;Montgomery et al, 2005;Warlick, 2006) (a principal clay component in lithified shales globally, e.g., Bowker, 2002, obtained from the supplies from the Raw Mineral Materials Ltd., China) were used. The materials were repeatedly crushed, washed, and sieved with secondary minerals removed such that the final powders consisted of particles smaller than 4 μm as confirmed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations (Figure 1).…”