Isospin Dependence of Collective Transverse Flow in Nuclear Collisions

Pak, R.; Benenson, W.; Bjarki, O.; Brown, J.; Hannuschke, S.; Lacey, R.; Li, Bao An; Nadasen, A.; Norbeck, E.; Pogodin, P.; Russ, D.; Steiner, M.; Stone, N. T. B.; Molen, A. M. Vander; Westfall, G. D.; Liu, Yang; Yennello, S. J.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.78.1022

Cited by 114 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Furthermore, the so-called balance energy where the transverse flow changes sign should also be sensitive to the isospin asymmetry of the reaction system. These predictions were soon verified by experiments carried out by Pak et al at NSCL/MSU [549,550]. One normally measures the strength of the transverse flow using the flow parameter F defined as the slope of the transverse momentum distribution at the center of mass rapidity y cm .…”

Section: Isospin Dependence Of Nucleon Transverse Elliptical and Radmentioning

confidence: 75%

Recent progress and new challenges in isospin physics with heavy-ion reactions

2008

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The ultimate goal of studying isospin physics via heavy-ion reactions with neutron-rich, stable and/or radioactive nuclei is to explore the isospin dependence of in-medium nuclear effective interactions and the equation of state of neutron-rich nuclear matter, particularly the isospin-dependent term in the equation of state, i.e., the density dependence of the symmetry energy. Because of its great importance for understanding many phenomena in both nuclear physics and astrophysics, the study of the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy has been the main focus of the intermediate-energy heavy-ion physics community during the last decade, and significant progress has been achieved both experimentally and theoretically. In particular, a number of phenomena or observables have been identified as sensitive probes to the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy. Experimental studies have confirmed some of these interesting isospin-dependent effects and allowed us to constrain relatively stringently the symmetry energy at sub-saturation densities. The impacts of this constrained density dependence of the symmetry energy on the properties of neutron stars have also been studied, and they were found to be very useful for the astrophysical community. With new opportunities provided by the various radioactive beam facilities being constructed around the world, the study of isospin physics is expected to remain one of the forefront research areas in nuclear physics. In this report, we review the major progress achieved during the last decade in isospin physics with heavy ion reactions and discuss future challenges to the most important issues in this field.Key words: Equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter, Nuclear symmetry energy, Heavy-ion reactions with neutron-rich nuclei, Neutron skin thickness of heavy nuclei, Neutron stars Constraining the Skyrme effective interactions and the neutron skin thickness of heavy nuclei using terrestrial nuclear laboratory data 216 8

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Section: Isospin Dependence Of Nucleon Transverse Elliptical and Radmentioning

confidence: 75%

Recent progress and new challenges in isospin physics with heavy-ion reactions

2008

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“…In examining the mid-rapidity emission and transverse collective flow it is important to estimate the centrality of the collisions since the strongest signatures are observed in mid-peripheral collisions [18,35,38,60]. The impact parameter, for the experimental data, was estimated using minimum bias distributions of the neutron multiplicity plotted against the charged particle multiplicity for each system.…”

Section: B Event Selection and Reaction Plane Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pak et al demonstrated that both the the transverse collective flow for Z=1-3 particles and the balance energy increased with an increasing neutron-to-proton ratio of the system, (N/Z) sys [38,39]. This was the first evidence that the collective flow was sensitive to the isospin concentration of the colliding system.…”

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confidence: 98%

Transverse collective flow and midrapidity emission of isotopically identified light charged particles

et al. 2011

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The transverse flow and relative mid-rapidity yield of isotopically identified light charged particles (LCPs) Ni systems. A large enhancement of the mid-rapidity yield of the LCPs was observed relative to the yield near the projectile rapidity. In particular, this enhancement was increased for the more neutron-rich LCPs demonstrating a preference for the production of neutron-rich fragments in the mid-rapidity region. Additionally, the transverse flow of the LCPs was extracted which provides insight into the average movement of the particles in the mid-rapidity region. Isotopic and isobaric effects were observed in the transverse flow of the fragments. In both cases, the transverse flow was shown to decrease with an increasing neutron content in the fragments. A clear inverse relationship between the transverse flow and relative mid-rapidity yield is shown. The increased relative mid-rapidity emission produces a decreased transverse flow. The Stochastic Mean-Field model was used for comparison to the experimental data. The results showed that the model was able to reproduce the general isotopic and isobaric trends for the mid-rapidity emission and transverse flow. The sensitivity of these observables to the density dependence of the symmetry energy was explored. The results indicate that the transverse flow and mid-rapidity emission of the LCPs are sensitive to the denisty dependence of the symmetry energy.

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“…Isospin effects of various physical phenomena, such as multifragmentation, collective flow, preequilibrium nucleon emission, etc., have been reported [1,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. These studies have shown that isospin effect exists in nuclear reactions induced by exotic nuclei but it may disappear under some conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Isospin dependence of projectile-like fragment production at intermediate energies

Wei

Wang

et al. 2009

Phys. Rev. C

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Ni are compared and the isospin dependence of the projectile fragmentation is studied. It is found that the isospin dependence decreases and disappears in the central collisions. The shapes of the fragment isotopic and isotonic cross section distributions are found to be very similar for symmetric projectile nuclei. The shapes of the fragment isotopic and isotonic distributions of different asymmetric projectiles produced in peripheral reactions are found very similar. The similarity of the distributions are related to the similar proton and neutron density distributions inside the nucleus in framework of the SAA model.

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Isospin Dependence of Collective Transverse Flow in Nuclear Collisions

Cited by 114 publications

References 31 publications

Recent progress and new challenges in isospin physics with heavy-ion reactions

Recent progress and new challenges in isospin physics with heavy-ion reactions

Transverse collective flow and midrapidity emission of isotopically identified light charged particles

Isospin dependence of projectile-like fragment production at intermediate energies

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