Synthesis and identification of novel phenylalkyl isoselenocyanates (ISCs), isosteric selenium analogs of naturally occurring phenylalkyl isothiocyanates (ITCs), as effective cytotoxic and anti-tumor agents is described. The structure-activity relationship comparison of ISCs with ITCs and effect of the increasing alkyl chain length in inhibiting cancer cell growth was evaluated on melanoma, prostate, breast, glioblastoma, sarcoma, and colon cancer cell lines. IC50 values for ISC compounds were generally lower than their corresponding ITC analogs. Similarly, in UACC 903 human melanoma cells, the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis were more pronounced with ISCs as compared to ITCs. Further, ISCs and ITCs effectively inhibited melanoma tumor growth in mice following intraperitoneal xenograft. A similar reduction in tumor size was observed at three times lower doses of ISCs as compared to corresponding ITCs.