Isoproterenol‐induced cardiac ischemia and fibrosis: Plant‐based approaches for intervention

Abstract

Heart is the most active and incumbent organ of the body, which maintains blood flow, but due to various pathological reasons, several acute and chronic cardiac complications arise out of which myocardial infarction is one of the teething problems. Isoproterenol (ISP)-induced myocardial ischemia is a classical model to screen the cardioprotective effects of various pharmacological interventions. Phytochemicals present a novel option for treating various human maladies including those of the heart. A large number of plant products and their active ingredients have been screened for efficacy in ameliorating ISP-induced myocardial ischemia including coriander, curcumin, Momordica, quercetin, and Withania somnifera. These phytochemicals constituents may play key role in preventing disease and help in cardiac remodeling. Reactive oxygen species scavenging, antiinflammatory, and modulation of various molecular pathways such as Nrf2, NFкB, p-21 activated kinase 1 (PAK1), and p-smad2/3 signaling modulation have been implicated behind the claimed protection. In this review, we have provided a focused overview on the utility of ISP-induced cardiotoxicity, myocardial ischemia, and cardiac fibrosis for preclinical research. In addition, we have also surveyed molecular mechanism of various plant-based interventions screened for cardioprotective effect in ISP-induced cardiotoxicity, and their probable mechanistic profile is summarized.

Crocin, an active constituent of Crocus sativus ameliorates cerulein induced pancreatic inflammation and oxidative stress

“…Cerulein-induced AP is proposed to involve production of large amounts of ROS and activation of NFκB mediated release of proinflammatory cytokines and also secretion of pancreatic enzymes amylase, lipase in pancreas (Ethridge et al, 2002). Phytoconstituents have antioxidant, antiinflammatory properties, which can be useful for treating inflammatory diseases (Allawadhi, Khurana, Sayed, Kumari, & Godugu, 2018). In the current study, we have selected crocin, the active constituent of Crocus sativus, to assess its protective effect against ceruleininduced AP.…”

Polyphenols: A concise overview on the chemistry, occurrence, and human health

“…Cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery diseases, stroke, heart failure, and hypertension, are the first cause of death in Western countries. A large number of naturally occurring compounds and foods are promoted for the prevention of such diseases (Allawadhi, Khurana, Sayed, Kumari, & Godugu, ; Tapsell, Neale, & Probst, ). Accordingly, a number of observational and intervention studies has explored the possible association between the intake of polyphenol‐rich foods (e.g., beverages such as cocoa, fruit and vegetables, tea, extra virgin/virgin olive oil, and wine) and cardiovascular diseases.…”

Withaferin A reverses bile duct ligation‐induced liver fibrosis by modulating extracellular matrix deposition: Role of LOXL2/Snail1, vimentin, and NFκB signaling

“…BDL stimulates the proliferation of biliary epithelial cells and oval cells (which are hepatocyte progenitors), resulting in proliferating bile ductules with accompanying portal inflammation and fibrosis . Thus, molecules showing free radical scavenging and anti‐inflammatory activity may play a vital role in halting this disease progression . One of the promising phytomolecules possessing these activities is Withaferin A (WFA).…”

“…7 Thus, molecules showing free radical scavenging and antiinflammatory activity may play a vital role in halting this disease progression. 8 One of the promising phytomolecules possessing these activities is Withaferin A (WFA). WFA is a C 28 steroidal lactone (Withanolide skeleton) present in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal.…”