Isoprenoid Hydrocarbons in Coal and Petroleum

Brooks, J.D.; Gould, K. W.; Smith, J. W.

doi:10.1038/222257a0

Cited by 320 publications

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“…experimental data of Sandvik et al (1992) (Brooks et al, 1969;Powell and McKirdy, 803 1973; Didyk et al, 1978;Powell et al, 1988; Figure 11. Tvap-gas chromatography n-alkane distribution for samples from all intervals.…”

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The Barnett Shale: Compositional fractionation associated with intraformational petroleum migration, retention, and expulsion

2015

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9 The Marathon 1 Mesquite well was drilled in Hamilton County, 10 Texas, targeting the Barnett Shale with late oil window maturity. 11 Combining a large suite of petrologic and high-resolution organic 12 geochemical analyses on 120 core samples, we have been able to 13 document qualitatively and quantitatively the effects of petroleum 14 retention and expulsion within and from five intervals within the 15 Barnett Shale. Lithological heterogeneities control the composi-16 tion and amount of retained fluids; the sorption of oil by solid 17 organic matter is important in all intervals. Applying empirical 18 formulas, we have been able to demonstrate not only that retention 19 is primarily controlled by total organic carbon (TOC), but also 20 that the "live" or "labile" component, rather than "dead" or "inert" 21 carbon, constitutes the most active sorptive sites. Additional reten-22 tion in the micropores provided by biogenic microcrystalline 23 quartz (sponge spicules) accounts for the sweet spot defined by 24 an "oil crossover" in the 914-m (30-ft) thick second interval. The 25 fluorescing oil occurring in the axial chamber of the sponge spic-26 ules and that sorbed on organic particles are together enriched in 27 saturated hydrocarbons, whereas the dispersed oil from the adja-28 cent interval 3 is depleted in this compound class. Mass-balance 29 calculations reveal that short-distance migration of petroleum into 30 this "reservoir" interval (second) fractionates the generated oil 31 into a higher quality oil by preferential retention in the order polar 32 compounds > aromatic hydrocarbons > saturated hydrocarbons 33 within the underlying organic matter and clay-rich third interval This has to be remedied because even subtle changes in bulk fluid M51South Africa, China, Australia, and North M52Africa are key activities in service and M53research at the present time.We wish to thank D. M. Jarvie and R. J. Hill M56for their careful reviews and helpful M57comments. The editorial comments and M58suggestions by Terrilyn Olson are also M59gratefully acknowledged. Parts of this study M60were carried out during the course of the M61"GASH-Gas Shales in Europe" initiative. The M62authors wish to thank the sponsors of this M63project, especially Marathon Petroleum M64Corporation, for providing sample material. M65We are also grateful to Prof. (Bowker, 2007;Jarvie et al., 2007; Bunting and 139 Breyer, 2012) as well as in reservoir diagenesis 140 (Milliken et al., 2012 (Bowker, 2003). Rather than detrital quartz, micro-147 crystalline quartz is the major component of the sili-148 ceous Barnett facies (Loucks and Ruppel, 2007). 149 Milliken et al. (2007) interpreted the microcrystalline 150 quartz in Barnett Shale as being derived from mainly 151 agglutinated foraminifera, whereas others have 152 emphasized the importance of siliceous sponge spic-153 ules (Hickey and Henk, 2007; Slatt and O Brien, 154 2011; Abouelresh and Slatt, 2012). 155 In this paper, we (1) assess the amount and quality 156 of retained hydr...

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The Barnett Shale: Compositional fractionation associated with intraformational petroleum migration, retention, and expulsion

2015

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“…Although the ratio is most useful when comparing changes in organic matter sources along a stratigraphic series of samples, the value we determined (TAR = 4.7) indicates a significant higher-plant contribution to the total carbon flux to the sediment. This is supported by the ratio of the regular isoprenoids pristane (Pr) and phytane (Ph) that are usually understood to have derived from the phytol tail of the chlorophyll molecule (Brooks et al, 1969). The ratio is influenced by the source organic matter as well as by the redox state of the environment of deposition.…”

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Organic geochemistry of a high-latitude Lower Cretaceous lacustrine sediment sample from the Koonwarra Fossil Beds, South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia

Tuite¹,

Flannery²,

Williford³

2016

MMV

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The Koonwarra Fossil Beds are widely recognized for their high-fidelity preservation of freshwater/terrestrial vertebrate and invertebrate fossils. A preliminary investigation suggests that organic biomarkers are also exceptionally well preserved and could contribute significantly to understanding the ecology of this ancient lake system. Solvent-extractable organic matter was collected from a single feldspathic siltstone/mudstone sample and analyzed using gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). The distribution of n-alkanes suggests a significant input of terrestrial plant material into the lake. The very low ratio of eukaryotic steranes to bacterial hopanes may reflect the decomposition of abundant plant material in the lake. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may record wildfire activity in the surrounding watershed.

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“…Contudo, a predominância dos alcanos lineares de alto peso molecular predominam no grupo (C 27, C 29 e C 31 ) observados no fragmentrograma m/z 85 (Figura 4A), com alto grau de imparidade, a alta abundância do hopano C 29 αβ sobre o norhopano C 30 αβ; as elevadas proporções entre os moretanos: trisnorhopano C 27 (17β), e C 30 βα; e a presença do terpano tricíclico C 24 , identifi cados no íon m/z 191, pressupõe uma contribuição predominante de matéria orgânica de origem terrestre para os folhelhos papiráceos (Bray & Evans, 1961). A presença de 18α (H)-Oleanano, composto característico de plantas terrestres da família das angiospermas (Ekweozor & Udo, 1988), ocorre principalmente em bacias terciárias em ambientes deltaicos (Brooks et al, 1969) ou em óleos do Cenozoico e Neocretáceo (Peters et al, 2005).…”

Section: -Depósitos Miocênicos Na Região Do Alto De Olivença Bahia unclassified

Revisão estratigráfica dos depósitos miocênicos aflorantes na região do Alto de Olivença, litoral sul do Estado da Bahia, Brasil

Sanabria¹,

Pereira²,

Antonioli³

2015

Rev. bras. paleontol.

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-STRATIGRAPHIC REVISION OF MIOCENE DEPOSITS OUTCROPPING IN THE ALTO OLIVENÇA REGION, SOUTH COAST BAHIA STATE, BRAZIL. The outcropping deposits on the southern coast of the Bahia State have been commonly described as predominantly continental and lithostratigraphically to the Barreiras Formation. Furthermore, despite its regional approach, this paper presents geological data suggesting a marine infl uence during deposition of these sediments. Faciological and palynological characterization, as well as geochemical studies were integrated to stratigraphically characterize the black shales exposed in the coastal region between Ilhéus and Una, Bahia State. Based on faciological interpretation, it was possible to generate a model of facies association consisting predominantly of subtidal/intertidal deposits. The shallow marine environment is suggested by the sedimentary structures attributed to tidal processes as well as by the presence of marine palynomorphs (microfaraminifers test linings) along with woody organic material. The presence of the species Lanagiopollis crassa, Multiareolites formosus, Deltoidospora adriennis, Retimonocolpites cf. R. maximus, and Psilatricolpites divisus suggests that the outcropping shales were deposited in the Miocene, within a progressive shallowing trend, in the context of a highstand system tract, which would have developed thick shallow water shale packages interspersed with tidal sand bars, in a tide-dominated estuarine system. Key words: marine palynomorph, stratigraphy, Barreiras Formation, Rio Doce Formation, biomarkers.RESUMO -Os depósitos afl orantes no litoral sul do Estado da Bahia têm sido comumente descritos como depósitos predominantemente continentais associados à Formação Barreiras. Embora ainda de caráter regional, o presente trabalho apresenta dados que sugerem uma infl uência marinha durante a deposição destes sedimentos. Análises faciológica, palinológica e geoquímica foram integradas com o objetivo de caracterizar estratigrafi camente os sedimentos afl orantes ao longo da faixa litorânea entre as cidades de Ilhéus e Una no Estado da Bahia. Com base nas informações faciológicas foi possível reconhecer uma associação de fácies indicativa de depósitos de inframaré/intermaré em contexto costeiro. O ambiente deposicional é sugerido pelas estruturas sedimentares atribuídas aos processos de maré, bem como pela presença de palinomorfos marinhos (microforaminíferos) junto com material orgânico lenhoso. A presença das espécies: Lanagiopollis crassa, Multiareolites formosus, Deltoidospora adriennis, Retimonocolpites cf. R. maximus, e Psilatricolpites divisus, sugerem que os folhelhos afl orantes foram depositados no Mioceno. Esta deposição ocorreu dentro de uma progressiva tendência de raseamento, no contexto de um trato de sistema de mar alto, onde teriam sido desenvolvidos espessos pacotes de sedimentos fi nos de água rasa, intercalados com barras arenosas num sistema estuarino.Palavras-chave: palinomorfos marinhos, estratigrafi a, Formação Barreiras, Formação Rio...

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Isoprenoid Hydrocarbons in Coal and Petroleum

Cited by 320 publications

References 12 publications

The Barnett Shale: Compositional fractionation associated with intraformational petroleum migration, retention, and expulsion

The Barnett Shale: Compositional fractionation associated with intraformational petroleum migration, retention, and expulsion

Organic geochemistry of a high-latitude Lower Cretaceous lacustrine sediment sample from the Koonwarra Fossil Beds, South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia

Revisão estratigráfica dos depósitos miocênicos aflorantes na região do Alto de Olivença, litoral sul do Estado da Bahia, Brasil

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