Isophorone reactor: Modelling and performance enhancement

A new peroxo-route for the synthesis of Mg–Zr mixed oxides catalysts: Application in the gas phase acetone self-condensation

“…Acetone self-condensation is a highly important industrial and scientifically interesting reaction, since emerging chemical and biological processes have become the acetone into a bio-based platform molecule. Upgrading of acetone relies on the formation of new C-C bonds, yielding more complex molecules, being mesityl oxide, isophorones, and mesitylene the most interesting products [29]. Despite the great interest of this reaction, the reasons for selectivity towards certain products are still unclear to the researchers, since many properties of the catalysts have influence on the way of the reaction.…”

Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate and propylene glycol in a pilot-scale reactive distillation column: Experimental investigation, modeling and process analysis

“…An example is the in-situ removal of products from the reaction zone, increasing the yield of chemical-equilibrium-limited reactions such as esterifications [18][19][20][21][22], transesterifications [23,24], etherifications [25,26] and condensations as investigated by Darda and Ranade [27].…”

Kinetics of Isophorone Synthesis via Self‐Condensation of Supercritical Acetone

“…Isophorone (IP) is a commercially important compound derived from acetone. It is widely used as a high‐boiling‐point solvent in the production of inks, paints, lacquers, adhesives, resins, and pesticides 1. It is also an intermediate in the synthesis of isophorone diamine (IPDA) 2, 3,3,5‐trimethyl‐1‐cyclohexanol 3, 4‐ketoisophorone 4, 5, tabanone, and other commercial chemicals.…”

“…The industrial process referred to as liquid‐phase method is conducted in a pressurized high‐temperature liquid phase with the catalysis of aqueous alkali metal hydroxide. The selectivity of isophorone is less than 70 % and the reaction takes 15 min to 4 h 1, 6, 7. Besides, since more than 30 years scientists studied the vapor‐phase aldol condensation of acetone over heterogeneous solid base catalysts 8–16.…”

“…For both the liquid‐phase and vapor‐phase method, the acetone self‐condensation product is a complex mixture with poor selectivity of the desired isophorone 1, 20. The by‐products can be divided into two classes: (1) the compounds of lower‐boiling point than isophorone mainly including diacetone alcohol, mesityl oxide (MO), and phorone, and (2) the compounds of higher‐boiling point than isophorone including isoxylitone and higher ketones.…”