Isomorphism of Terramycin and Aureomycin Hydrochlorides

Bullock, Theodore H.; Cowles, Raymond B.

doi:10.1126/science.115.2994.541-a

Cited by 84 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Because the disc lies over an air-filled inner chamber, it can be classified as a thermally insulated microbolometer with decreased thermal mass. Therefore, the basic design of the IR receptor of A. nigricans is reminiscent of the IR organs of pit vipers (Crotalinae: Bullock and Fox 1957;Bleichmar and De Robertis 1962;Terashima et al 1970;Amemiya et al 1996). In pit vipers, such as rattlesnakes, a thin membrane absorbs the incoming IR radiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In pit vipers, such as rattlesnakes, a thin membrane absorbs the incoming IR radiation. The corresponding increase in temperature is measured by highly thermosensitive fibres of the trigeminal nerve (Bullock and Cowles 1952;Bullock and Diecke 1956;Goris and Nomoto 1967), which heavily innervate the membrane. A characteristic feature of the nerve endings is their large number of mitochondria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new type of insect infrared organ of low thermal mass

Schmitz

Trenner

et al. 2002

Naturwissenschaften

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The Australian beetle Acanthocnemus nigricans is attracted by forest fires and has a pair of complex infrared (IR) receptor organs on the first thoracic segment. Each organ consists of a tiny sensory disc (diameter 120-130 microm) which serves as an absorbing structure for IR radiation. The disc is arranged above an air-filled cavity which is located just anteriorly to the coxae of the prothoracic legs. Inside the disc, about 30 multipolar thermoreceptors (warmth receptors) are tightly attached to the cuticle which is directed to the outside. The many dendrites of each multipolar neuron are tightly wrapped around the soma and contain a large number of mitochondria. Absorption of IR radiation by the disc causes an increase in temperature which is measured by the warmth receptors. Therefore, the IR receptors of A. nigricans can be classified as microbolometers with reduced thermal mass and in principle can be compared to the IR organs of pit vipers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new type of insect infrared organ of low thermal mass

Schmitz

Trenner

et al. 2002

Naturwissenschaften

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“…The polarity can be functional [14], as it equips the organism with sensory receptors to detect mechanical (piezoelectric) and thermal (pyroelectric) stimuli in the environment [12], [15], examples are the piezoelectric auditory membrane of locusts [16] and the pyroelectric, infrared sensitive organs of pit vipers [17].Chitin is a modified polysaccharide derived from glucose [18], and is believed to be the second most abundant polymer on earth [19]. It is encountered as the major component in fungi cell walls [20], in beaks and internal shells of cephalopods [21], and in the exoskeletons of arthropods and insects [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization domain information on insect wing chitin using the scanning pyroelectric microscope (SPEM)

Putzeys

Wübbenhorst

2015

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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Scanning Pyroelectric Microscopy (SPEM) at micrometer resolutions has been employed to study permanent polarity and its spatial organization in various insect wings containing chitin, one of the most abundant biopolymers. Both measurements on wings of houseflies and wasps revealed a well defined pyroelectric response, showing a multidomain polarization pattern at several length scales, from millimeter sized domains in the wing veins, to 20 micrometer sized domains in the membranes. The size of the smaller domains correlates well with the average chitin fiber length of 18 micrometers.

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“…The pit organ of crotaline snakes has very sensitive thermoreceptors that consist of abundant terminal nerve masses (TNMs) in a thin membrane (the pit membrane) (Bullock and Fox, 1957;Terashima et al, 1970). The density and morphology of the pit membrane vasculature are peculiar; the vasculature is finer, flatter, and more convoluted than the retinal vasculature in crotaline snakes (Amemiya et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snake Infrared Receptors Respond to Dimethylsulfoxide in the Blood Stream

et al. 2004

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1. We used extracellular recording of the infrared (IR)-sensitive trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons (primary neurons) of a crotaline snake, Trimeresurus flavoviridis, which has very sensitive thermoreceptors, to examine changes in the IR response induced by dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), in vivo. 2. The responses in the TG were recorded after each concentration of DMSO (1, 10, and 25%) was administered in the bloodstream. 3. At a constant temperature, DMSO dose-dependently potentiated the IR-triggered discharges of IR-sensitive TG neurons in this snake. 4. It is suggested that the increased IR response to DMSO is due to its chemical effect, or to an indirect effect via its vasoactive role in the thermoreceptors of IR-sensitive snakes.

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Isomorphism of Terramycin and Aureomycin Hydrochlorides

Cited by 84 publications

References 2 publications

A new type of insect infrared organ of low thermal mass

A new type of insect infrared organ of low thermal mass

Polarization domain information on insect wing chitin using the scanning pyroelectric microscope (SPEM)

Snake Infrared Receptors Respond to Dimethylsulfoxide in the Blood Stream

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