Isometric handgrip training lowers blood pressure and increases heart rate complexity in medicated hypertensive patients

Millar, Philip J.; Levy, Andrew; McGowan, Cheri L.; McCartney, Neil; MacDonald, Maureen J.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01435.x

Cited by 67 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The resting BP reductions are similar in magnitude to those previously reported following IET that was partly laboratory-based with participants performing constant force contractions (McGowan et al 2007a;Millar et al 2013a) and completely laboratory-based using constant EMG contractions (Devereux et al 2010;Wiles et al 2010;Gill et al 2015). Furthermore, the rate of reduction in all resting BP parameters occurred at either a faster or equal rate (Devereux et al 2010) to that reported previously in normotensive participants following bilateral-leg IET using the same acute programme variables and exercise intensity in a laboratory setting.…”

Section: Table 2 Here Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Furthermore, the results of meta-analysis and evidence based review suggest that IET may be the most effective type of exercise to achieve clinically meaningful reductions in this important cardiovascular risk factor (Millar et al 2013a;Carlson et al 2014). However, despite the apparent efficacy of IET, previous studies have selected a range of contraction styles (constant force vs. constant electromyography -EMG) and exercise modes (handgrip vs. leg extensions), which may have inadvertently curtailed more widespread application of IET.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A growing body of research demonstrates that isometric exercise training (IET), albeit conducted predominantly in a laboratory setting, is capable of lowering resting blood pressure (BP) (Devereux et al 2010;Wiles et al 2010; Baross et al 2012;Badrov et al 2013;Millar et al 2013a) equally in both males and females (Badrov et al 2016). Furthermore, the results of meta-analysis and evidence based review suggest that IET may be the most effective type of exercise to achieve clinically meaningful reductions in this important cardiovascular risk factor (Millar et al 2013a;Carlson et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the mechanisms that regulate a reduction in resting BP following IET are not well understood (Millar et al 2013a). As mean arterial pressure (MAP) is determined by cardiac output (Q ) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) (Hietanen 1984), any reductions in resting BP are likely to be moderated primarily by either one or both of these variables (Pescatello et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently this method has been implemented using a programmable digital handgrip dynamometer (Stiller-Moldovan et al 2012;Badrov et al 2013;Millar et al 2013a), which guides an individual through a complete IET session (Abe and Bisognano 2011) and can therefore be used without supervision (Millar et al 2009) in the home. However, it is currently on the market in the United…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Home-based isometric exercise training induced reductions resting blood pressure

2016

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Purpose:Isometric exercise training (IET) reduces resting blood pressure (BP). Most previous protocols impose exercise barriers which undermine its effectiveness as a potential physical therapy for altering BP. An inexpensive, home-based programme would promote IET as a valuable tool in the fight against hypertension. The aims of this study were: (a) to investigate whether home-based wall squat training could successfully reduce resting BP, and (b) to explore the physiological variables that might mediate a change in resting BP. Methods:Twenty-eight healthy normotensive males were randomly assigned to a control and a 4 week home-based IET intervention using a crossover design with a 4 week 'washout' period in-between. Wall squat training was completed 3x weekly over 4 weeks with 48 hours between sessions. Each session comprised 4x 2 minute bouts of wall squat exercise performed at a participant-specific knee joint angle relative to a target HR of 95% HRpeak, with 2 minutes rest between bouts. Resting heart rate, BP, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance and stroke volume were taken at baseline and post each condition. Results:Resting BP (systolic = -4 ± 5, diastolic = -3 ± 3 and mean arterial = -3 ± 3 mmHg), cardiac output (-0.54 ± 0.66) and heart rate (-5 ± 7 beats•min -1 ) were all reduced following IET, with no change in total peripheral resistance or stroke volume compared to the control. Conclusion:These findings suggest the wall squat provides an effective method for reducing resting BP in the home resulting primarily from a reduction in resting heart rate.

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Section: Table 2 Here Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Home-based isometric exercise training induced reductions resting blood pressure

2016

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Comparison of haemodynamic response to muscle reflex in heart failure with reduced vs. preserved ejection fraction

et al. 2021

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Aims Isometric handgrip (IHG) training reduces the blood pressure in patients with hypertension. It is unclear how IHG exercise affects the haemodynamics and cardiovascular function through the muscle reflex in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Methods and results Twenty patients (HFrEF: n = 10, HFpEF: n = 10) underwent left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume assessments using a conductance catheter and microtip manometer to evaluate haemodynamics, LV and arterial function, and LV-arterial coupling during 3 min of IHG at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), followed by 3 min of post-exercise circulatory arrest (PECA). Three minutes of IHG exercise produced significant and modest increases in the heart rate (HR) and LV end-systolic pressure (LVESP), respectively, in both HFpEF and HFrEF groups. In HFrEF, the increase in LVESP was caused by the variable increase in effective arterial elastance (Ea), which was counterbalanced by the increase in LV end-systolic elastance (Ees), resulting in a maintained Ees/Ea. In HFpEF, the increase in LVESP was not accompanied by changes in Ea, Ees, Ees/Ea, or LV end-diastolic pressure. LVESP during PECA was not maintained in HFpEF, suggesting smaller metabo-reflex activity in HFpEF. Conclusions The IHG exercise used in this study may increase the LVESP and LVEDP without detrimental effects on cardiac function or ventricular-arterial coupling, especially in HFpEF patients. The effects of IHG exercise on haemodynamics and ventricular-arterial coupling may be affected by the patient background and the type and intensity of the exercise.

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Home‐based isometric handgrip training on RBP in hypertensive adults—Partial preliminary findings from RCT

Punia

Kulandaivelan

2019

Physiotherapy Res Intl

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ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to confirm whether 8 weeks of home‐based isometric handgrip (IHG) training would reduce resting blood pressure (RBP) in an adult Indian population.MethodologyHypertensive patients (Stage 1 [previously prehypertension] and Stage 2 [previously Stage 1 hypertension]) aged 30–45 years, male and female, were included. Intervention: Two groups were included (active control group and IHG training group at 30% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction). Outcomes of this study were resting pulse rate (PR) and RBP, which were taken at baseline and after 8 weeks. Stratified randomization was done by sex and hypertension grade. The study was a double‐blind intervention (both participants and the assessor were blinded to intervention allotment).ResultsForty hypertensive individuals were randomly assigned to a control (N = 20) and an 8‐week home‐based IHG training (N = 20) using a stratified random sampling technique. Each training session consisted of 4 × 2 min bouts with a 4‐min rest between bouts for 8 weeks. Resting PR and RBP were taken at baseline and after 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, there was a significant reduction in blood pressure and PR values in the IHG group as compared with those in the control group: systolic blood pressure (mean difference, MD −8.75 mmHg; 95% CI [−6.51, −10.39]); diastolic blood pressure (MD −8.35 mmHg; 95% CI [−6.25, −10.45]); mean arterial pressure (MD −8.13 mmHg; 95% CI [−6.21, −10.05]); and PR (MD −8.90 mmHg; 95% CI [−5.08, −12.72].ConclusionOn the basis of study findings, home‐based IHG training can be used as an adjunct to control BP in the initial stage of hypertension in an Indian population.

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Isometric handgrip training lowers blood pressure and increases heart rate complexity in medicated hypertensive patients

Cited by 67 publications

References 49 publications

Home-based isometric exercise training induced reductions resting blood pressure

Home-based isometric exercise training induced reductions resting blood pressure

Comparison of haemodynamic response to muscle reflex in heart failure with reduced vs. preserved ejection fraction

Home‐based isometric handgrip training on RBP in hypertensive adults—Partial preliminary findings from RCT

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