Isometric and isokinetic measurement of hamstring and quadriceps strength

Lord, Janet P.; Aitkens, Susan G.; McCrory, Megan A.; Bernauer, E. M.

doi:10.1016/0003-9993(92)90004-g

Cited by 54 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The level of association between isometric and isokinetic quadriceps strength testing as performed in this study has been reported to be r=0.93. 38 Peak force or torque values achieved during quadriceps strength testing were recorded. Quadriceps index (QI) was expressed as a percentage of the peak value on the involved side divided by the peak value on the uninvolved side for each participant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Reported Knee Function Can Identify Athletes Who Fail Return-to-Activity Criteria up to 1 Year After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Delaware-Oslo ACL Cohort Study

Logerstedt

Stasi²,

Grindem³

et al. 2014

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

131

115

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STUDY DESIGN Cohort study, cross-sectional. OBJECTIVES To determine if self-reported knee function assessed with the International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 Subjective Knee Form (IKDC2000) could discriminate between successful and non-successful performance on return to activity criteria (RTAC) tests after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. BACKGROUND Rehabilitation specialists are challenged in selecting appropriate performance-based and patient-reported tests that can detect side-to-side asymmetries, assess global knee function, and determine a participant's readiness to return to activity after ACL reconstruction. A simple tool or questionnaire that could identify athletes with neuromuscular impairments or activity limitations could provide rehabilitation specialists crucial data pertinent to their current knee function and their readiness to return to higher level activities. METHODS One hundred fifty-eight Level I/II athletes 6 months after ACL reconstruction and 141 athletes 12 months after ACL reconstruction completed a functional test battery to determine readiness to return to activity and the IKDC2000 to determine self-reported knee function. For each athlete, status on return to activity tests criteria was dichotomized as “Passed” or ”Failed” and status on the IKDC2000 scores was dichotomized as being “within” or “below age- and sex-matched normal ranges”. Comparisons were made between status on RTAC and IKDC2000 using Chi-square tests. Accuracy statistics were also calculated. RESULTS Six months after ACL reconstruction, 112 athletes (70.9%) failed RTAC and 76 (48.1%) were classified as having self-reported knee function below normal ranges. Among the 76 participants with IKDC2000 scores below normal ranges, 69 (90.8%) failed RTAC test battery (P<.001). However, among the 82 participants whose IKDC2000 scores were within normal limits at 6 months, only 39 (47.6%) passed RTAC test battery (P=.74). Twelve months after ACL reconstruction, 67 athletes (47.5%) failed RTAC and 31 (78.0%) had knee function below normal ranges. Among the 31 participants with IKDC2000 scores below normal ranges, 25 (80.6%) failed RTAC test battery (P<.001). However, among the 110 participants whose IKDC2000 scores were within normal limits at 12 months, only 68 (61.8%) passed RTAC test battery (P=.017). CONCLUSION The IKDC2000 may be a clinically relevant tool to determine the timeliness or necessity of RTAC testing. For scores obtained 6 and 12 months after ACL reconstruction, low IKDC2000 scores were reasonably indicative of failure on RTAC test battery, whereas normal IKDC2000 scores were not predictive of passing scores on the RTAC test battery.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Reported Knee Function Can Identify Athletes Who Fail Return-to-Activity Criteria up to 1 Year After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Delaware-Oslo ACL Cohort Study

Logerstedt

Stasi²,

Grindem³

et al. 2014

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

131

115

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“…Among a number of methods applied to the assessment and monitoring of the muscle strength following an ACLR has been the standard isometric test based on the maximum voluntary contraction of the tested muscle [6, 8-10]. The routinely recorded dependent variable that depicts the maximum strength has been the maximum force (F max ), typically achieved over 3–5 seconds of a sustained maximum contraction [11, 12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetries in explosive strength following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Knežević¹,

Mirkov²,

Kadija³

et al. 2014

The Knee

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Background Despite its apparent functional importance, there is a general lack of data regarding the time-related changes in explosive strength and the corresponding side-to-side asymmetries in individuals recovering from an ACL reconstruction (ACLR). The present study was designed to assess changes in the maximum and explosive strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings muscle in athletes recovering from an ACLR. Methods Twenty male athletes with an ACL injury completed a standard isometric testing protocol pre-ACLR, 4 and 6 months post-ACLR. In addition to the maximum strength (Fmax), the explosive strength of quadriceps and hamstrings was assessed through 4 variables derived from the slope of the force-time curves over various time intervals (RFDmax, RFD50, RFD150 and RFD250). Side-to-side asymmetries were calculated relative to post-ACLR measures of the uninvolved leg (“standard” asymmetries), and relative to pre-ACLR value of the uninvolved leg (“real” asymmetries). Results Pre-ACLR asymmetries in quadriceps RFD (average 26%) were already larger than in Fmax (14%) (p < 0.05). Six months post-ACLR real asymmetries in RFD variables (33-39%) were larger than the corresponding standard asymmetries (26-28%; p < 0.01). Average asymmetries in hamstrings RFD and Fmax were 10%, 25% and 15% for pre-ACLR and two post-ACLR sessions, respectively (all p>0.05). Conclusions In addition to the maximum strength, the indices of explosive strength should also be included in monitoring recovery of muscle function following an ACLR. Furthermore, pre-injury/reconstruction values should be used for the post-ACLR side-to-side comparisons, providing a more valid criterion regarding the muscle recovery and readiness for a return to sports.

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“…Some researchers 15,16 have observed strong relationships between these measures, whereas others 17 have reported weaker relationships. Based on the lack of a clear relationship between isometric and isokinetic torque, we cannot conclude that decreased isometric strength of hip muscles in patients with patellofemoral pain suggests that they have decreased concentric and eccentric torque of the hip muscles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentric and Eccentric Torque of the Hip Musculature in Individuals With and Without Patellofemoral Pain

Boling

Padua

Creighton

2009

Journal of Athletic Training

118

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Context: Individuals suffering from patellofemoral pain have previously been reported to have decreased isometric strength of the hip musculature; however, no researchers have investigated concentric and eccentric torque of the hip musculature in individuals with patellofemoral pain. Objective: To compare concentric and eccentric torque of the hip musculature in individuals with and without patellofemoral pain. Design: Case control. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty participants with patellofemoral pain (age = 26.8 ± 4.5 years, height = 171.8 ± 8.4 cm, mass = 72.4 ± 16.8 kg) and 20 control participants (age = 25.6 ± 2.8 years, height = 169.5 ± 8.9 cm, mass = 70.0 ± 16.9 kg) were tested. Volunteers with patellofemoral pain met the following criteria: knee pain greater than or equal to 3 cm on a 10-cm visual analog scale, insidious onset of symptoms not related to trauma, pain with palpation of the patellar facets, and knee pain during 2 of the following activities: stair climbing, jumping or running, squatting, kneeling, or prolonged sitting. Control participants were excluded if they had a prior history of patellofemoral pain, knee surgery in the past 2 years, or current lower extremity injury that limited participation in physical activity. Intervention(s): Concentric and eccentric torque of the hip musculature was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer. All volunteers performed 5 repetitions of each strength test. Separate multivariate analyses of variance were performed to compare concentric and eccentric torque of the hip extensors, abductors, and external rotators between groups. Main Outcome Measure(s): Average and peak concentric and eccentric torque of the hip extensors, abductors, and external rotators. Torque measures were normalized to the participant's body weight multiplied by height. Results: The patellofemoral pain group was weaker than the control group for peak eccentric hip abduction torque (F1,38 = 6.630, P = .014), and average concentric (F1,38 = 4.156, P = .048) and eccentric (F1,38 = 4.963, P = .032) hip external rotation torque. Conclusions: The patellofemoral pain group displayed weakness in eccentric hip abduction and hip external rotation, which may allow for increased hip adduction and internal rotation during functional movements.

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Isometric and isokinetic measurement of hamstring and quadriceps strength

Cited by 54 publications

References 14 publications

Self-Reported Knee Function Can Identify Athletes Who Fail Return-to-Activity Criteria up to 1 Year After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Delaware-Oslo ACL Cohort Study

Self-Reported Knee Function Can Identify Athletes Who Fail Return-to-Activity Criteria up to 1 Year After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Delaware-Oslo ACL Cohort Study

Asymmetries in explosive strength following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Concentric and Eccentric Torque of the Hip Musculature in Individuals With and Without Patellofemoral Pain

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