Isomers/enantiomers of perfluorocarboxylic acids: Method development and detection in environmental samples

Naile, Jonathan E.; Garrison, Arthur W.; Avants, Jimmy K.; Washington, John W.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.075

Cited by 30 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…While production of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)-based products was voluntarily halted by North America’s largest producer, The 3M Company, in 2000 [4], large scale production of PFAAs in China began in 2003 [5]. With the shift of manufacturing plants from more industrialized countries to China, the occurrence of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in the environment has attracted more attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluorinated Compounds in Greenhouse and Open Agricultural Producing Areas of Three Provinces of China: Levels, Sources and Risk Assessment

Zhang

Tan

Geng

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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Field investigations on perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) levels in various environmental matrixes were reported, but there is still a lack of PFAA level data for agricultural environments, especially agricultural producing areas, so we collected soil, irrigation water and agricultural product samples from agricultural producing areas in the provinces of Liaoning, Shandong and Sichuan in China. The background pollution from instruments was removed and C4–C18 PFAAs were detected by LC-MS/MS. The concentrations of PFAAs in the top and deep layers of soil were compared, and the levels of PFAAs in different agricultural environments (greenhouses and open agriculture) were analyzed. We found the order of PFAA levels by province was Shandong > Liaoning > Sichuan. A descending trend of PFAA levels from top to deep soil and open to greenhouse agriculture was shown and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) was considered as a marker for source analysis. Bean vegetables contribute highly to the overall PFAA load in vegetables. A significant correlation was shown between irrigation water and agricultural products. The EDI (estimated daily intake) from vegetables should be of concern in China.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluorinated Compounds in Greenhouse and Open Agricultural Producing Areas of Three Provinces of China: Levels, Sources and Risk Assessment

Zhang

Tan

Geng

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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“…De Silva et al 75 used 2,4‐difluoroaniline for the separation of PFOA isomers, which took place between 87 and 99 minutes on the GC‐chromatogram. Naile et al showed a method to detect PFCAs isomers, but the retention time of the last analyte (perfluorododecanoic acid) was 340 min 66 . Nowadays, this separation can be also achieved with LC‐MS systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction and derivatization for perfluorocarboxylic acids in liquid and solid matrices: A review

Stróżyńska

Schuhen²

2020

Analytical Science Advances

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Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) are anthropogenic organic compounds with very unique and useful properties, for example, surfactant properties and immense stability. These substances are nowadays widely used in many industrial and consumer products. Their presence in human, biological, and environmental samples throughout the world has been described in numerous research articles. Unfortunately, PFCAs have also been found to be toxic, persistent, and bioaccumulative. Therefore, there is a great need for a constant and reliable detection of PFCAs in various matrices. Nowadays, the analysis based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC‐MS and LC‐MS/MS) is considered to be the method of choice. Determination of PFCAs by gas chromatography (GC) is not so well established as the LC methods. Nevertheless, GC can be considered as a complementary method, which can help to gain more reliable results and to crosscheck the LC analysis. The sample preparation is crucial, but also a time‐ and cost‐consuming part of the PFCAs analysis. This article reviews the two most important sample preparation steps for the analysis of PFCAs: extraction and derivatization. It discusses the possible enrichment of PFCA using various extraction techniques used both for LC and GC. The derivatizing agents used prior to the GC analysis are described. The sample pretreatment as well as the most relevant problems and the sensitivity of the methods are presented. Moreover, advantages and disadvantages of LC and GC analysis are discussed.

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“…Naile et al developed a new GC-negative chemical ionization (NCI)-MS method to measure isomers and enantiomers of PFCAs in environmental samples . Two GC columns were used in tandem (a DB-5MS and a BGB-172 Analytik column), and samples were derivatized with diazomethane prior to analysis.…”

Section: Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A benefit of this method is the ability to identify unknown PFASs while providing quantitative data for these fluoroalkyl sulfonates. 63 Two GC columns were used in tandem (a DB-5MS and a BGB-172 Analytik column), and samples were derivatized with diazomethane prior to analysis. Using this method, eight PFOA isomers could be detected, including four enantiomers.…”

Section: ■ Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues

2017

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Isomers/enantiomers of perfluorocarboxylic acids: Method development and detection in environmental samples

Cited by 30 publications

References 44 publications

Perfluorinated Compounds in Greenhouse and Open Agricultural Producing Areas of Three Provinces of China: Levels, Sources and Risk Assessment

Perfluorinated Compounds in Greenhouse and Open Agricultural Producing Areas of Three Provinces of China: Levels, Sources and Risk Assessment

Extraction and derivatization for perfluorocarboxylic acids in liquid and solid matrices: A review

Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues

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