Isomerization of γ-BHC to α-BHC in the Environment

Benezet, Herman J.; Matsumura, Fumio

doi:10.1038/243480a0

Cited by 128 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…62, when grown on y-HCH, was simultaneously adapted to y- PCCH,PCB,1,2,3,2,3, and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,4,5-TCB). The formation of y-PCCH during the metabolism of y-HCH has been indicated for other bacteria (Yule et al 1967;Benezet and Matsumura 1973;Francis et al 1975) as well as soya bean seeds (Nash and Harris 1973) and houseflies (Ishida and Dahm 1965).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Degradation of Hexachlorocyclohexanes and Structurally Related Substances by Clostridium Sphenoides

Heritage¹,

MacRae²

1979

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Washed cell suspensions of C. sphelloides adapted to the y-isomer of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (y-HCH), metabolized IX-and y-HCH but not p-and o-HCH. Temperature and pH optima for the metabolism of y-HCH were found to be 40°C and pH 8 ·0. The y-HCH-adapted suspensions also metabolized the P-, y-and o-isomers of 3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-l-cyclohexene, 2,3,4,5,6-pentachloro-2-cyclohexen-l-ol, y-l ,2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorocyclohex-l-ene, and 1,2,3,4,5-pentachlorocyclohexane. The suspensions did not metabolize a selection of chlorinated benzenes, dichlorocyclohexane and chlorocyclohexane.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Degradation of Hexachlorocyclohexanes and Structurally Related Substances by Clostridium Sphenoides

Heritage¹,

MacRae²

1979

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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“…9 It is difficult to correlate the data of the different workers studying r-BHC metabolism, because of the differences in experimental conditions for the production of the different metabolites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Microbial Metabolism of γ-BHC

1976

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The insecticide r-BHC (gamma isomer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexachlorocyclohexane) was metabolized by 71 of 354 microorganisms (bacteria, and fungi) isolated from the environment. One of these isolates, a strain of Pseudomonas putida, was selected for nutrient and metabolic studies.Two metabolic patterns for the metabolism of r-BHC were detected in this organism, depending on the nutritional properties of the medium. The most common is a dehydrochlorination pathway where r-PCCH (l, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentachlorocyclohex-l-ene)is formed as one of the major products. The second pathway is a more complex NAD dependent pathway involving the production of large amounts of r-BTC (3, 4, 5, 6-tetrachlorocyclohex-l-ene).a-BHC is formed as a by-product of this second metabolic activity. Further degradation of r-BTC appears to proceed via an FAD dependent reductive dechlorination mechanism.In P. putida the ring opening process takes place on aromatic rings with only a few chlorines such as benzene, monochloro-or at most dichlorobenzenes via an oxidative route to yield CO2. Thus a combination of these three different metabolic systems is required to complete the degradation of 1-BHC in P. putida for the second pathway.

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“…This study indicates that some g-HCH metabolites produced by A. citreus BI-100 identified are quite different from those produced from g-HCH by any other single microorganism reported in the literature (Benezet and Matsumura, 1973;Francis et al, 1975;Matsumura et al, 1976;Nagata et al, 1993;Tu, 1976;Yule et al, 1967). The spent culture of g-HCH at 72 h showed an absence of the pesticide or its metabolites in the GC profile, suggesting complete mineralization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…It was detected within 1 h of growth of the strain BI-100 on g-HCH in mineral salts medium. g-PCCH was reported to be the first product of g-HCH metabolism in many microorganisms (Benezet and Matsumura, 1973;Engst et al, 1974;Imai et al, 1989;Matsumura et al, 1976;Sahu et al, 1990;Sweeney, 1969;Tu, 1976). Aerobic degradation of g-HCH by Pseudomonas paucimobilis, renamed as Sphingomonas paucimobilis (Imai et al, 1989), and a strain of Pseudomonas sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane by <i>Arthrobacter citreus</i> strain BI-100: Identification of metabolites

Datta

Maiti

Modak

et al. 2000

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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Growth characteristics of the aerobic bacterial strain Arthrobacter citreus BI-100 in mineral salts medium with g g-hexachlorocyclohexane (g g-HCH) as the sole source of carbon and degradation of g g-HCH by the strain are reported. The highest yield of the bacteria is observed at a g g-HCH concentration of 100 mg/L. At this concentration, the bacteria entered the exponential phase of growth without any lag. At 8 h of growth, no residual HCH, but its metabolites, was detectable in the medium. The bacterium attained its stationary phase at 48 h and at 72 h; no metabolite of g g-HCH could be detected by gas chromatography. Six metabolic intermediates of g g-HCH produced by A. citreus BI-100 at different periods of growth were characterized by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography, which furnished evidence for the presence of g g-1,3,4,5,6-pentachlorocyclohexene, tetrachlorocyclohexene, trichlorocyclohexa-diene, 2-chlorophenol, phenol, and catechol, among others.

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Isomerization of γ-BHC to α-BHC in the Environment

Cited by 128 publications

References 8 publications

Degradation of Hexachlorocyclohexanes and Structurally Related Substances by Clostridium Sphenoides

Degradation of Hexachlorocyclohexanes and Structurally Related Substances by Clostridium Sphenoides

Factors Affecting Microbial Metabolism of γ-BHC

Metabolism of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane by <i>Arthrobacter citreus</i> strain BI-100: Identification of metabolites

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Isomerization of γ-BHC to α-BHC in the Environment

Cited by 128 publications

References 8 publications

Degradation of Hexachlorocyclohexanes and Structurally Related Substances by Clostridium Sphenoides

Degradation of Hexachlorocyclohexanes and Structurally Related Substances by Clostridium Sphenoides

Factors Affecting Microbial Metabolism of γ-BHC

Metabolism of &gamma;-hexachlorocyclohexane by <i>Arthrobacter citreus</i> strain BI-100: Identification of metabolites

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Metabolism of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane by <i>Arthrobacter citreus</i> strain BI-100: Identification of metabolites