“…Previous studies have shown that bR molecules undergo irreversible photobleaching in PM at high temperature (10,13,14), alkaline pH (11,16), and under solubilization by the mild nonionic detergent micelles, such as octylb-glucoside (12) and Triton X-100 (15). Under these conditions, similar structural changes were observed in bR molecules in the dark (monomeric-like state), including secondary structure, conformations around aromatic residues, retinal isomerization and disorganization of the 2D-crystalline array (13,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Taken together, the experimental findings of these studies strongly suggest that all forms of bR photobleaching in a PM may be attributed to a common mechanism.…”