Isomerization and Hydration of Pinene

Effect of hydrodistillation with phosphoric acid on the yield of Chios mastic gum essential oil

“…However, there was no apparent structural similarity of α-pinene with all of these components that would support the hypothesis that they were formed via an acidcatalysed reaction of the major component. It has been reported that α-pinene, in the presence of diluted phosphoric, nitric or sulphuric acid, is readily converted to terpine hydrate, [37] which was not detected in our samples. Additionally, none of the nonidentifi ed compounds showed a mass spectrum containing the characteristic m/z 172 peak, which is typical of the terpine mass spectrum.…”

Isomerization of Hydrocarbons.

“…The molal entropy for n-octane was determined by Huffman, Parks, and Barmore (48) and that for hexamethylethane and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane by Parks, Huffman, and Thomas (96) with a small correction for the latter (97). It is TABLE 13 Thermodynamic data for isomeric hydrocarbons with eight carbon atoms highly probable that more accurate data for the heats of combustion will show significant differences between the isomers. The same prediction can be made for the octenes, although thermodynamic quantities for diisobutylene alone are available.…”

“…Kassel (65) has made a correction in the kinetic data of Smith. Arbutzov (1) believed that he obtained the chain isomer, allocimene, but Charlton and Day (13) could find no evidence to support this transformation. In general, high temperatures, 200-400°C., are used with metals, metallic oxides, or mixtures of metallic oxides, while low temperatures, 50-70°C., are sufficient for acid catalysts.…”

Continuous Production of a-Terpineol from a-Pinene Isolated from Indonesian Crude Turpentine

“…The hydration of α-pinene yielding α-terpineol by utilizing homogeneous catalyzed acid has been studied since the 1930s, when Charlton and Day (1937) studied the hydration of α-pinene using sulfuric acid at low temperatures. Several years later, in 1963 Valkanas and Iconomou reported improvement of selectivity when aqueous acetone was added to the acid catalyst.…”