Isomeric octopamines: their occurrence and functions

Williams, Clyde M.; Couch, Margaret W.; Thonoor, C. Mohan; Midgley, John M.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1987.tb06240.x

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The large body of biochemical, pharmacological, and physiological evidence collected over the course of almost 100 years convincingly demonstrates the presence of endogenous TAs in all species of invertebrates (de Rome et al, 1980;Degen et al, 2000;Dudai, 1982;Dudai & Zvi, 1984;Guillen et al, 1989;Hashemzadeh et al, 1985;Rex & Komuniecki, 2002) and vertebrates that have been examined (Molinoff & Axelrod, 1969;Molinoff & Axelrod, 1972;Durden et al, 1973;Philips et al, 1974a;Philips et al, 1974b;Saavedra et al, 1974;Juorio, 1976;Juorio & Philips, 1976;Juorio & Robertson, 1977;Philips et al, 1978;Reynolds et al, 1980;Juorio & Kazakoff, 1984;Williams et al, 1987;Juorio & Sloley, 1988;Downer et al, 1993).…”

Section: Historic Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace amine-associated receptor 1—Family archetype or iconoclast?

Grandy

2007

Pharmacology & Therapeutics

176

211

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Interest has recently been rekindled in receptors that are activated by low molecular weight, noncatecholic, biogenic amines that are typically found as trace constituents of various vertebrate and invertebrate tissues and fluids. The timing of this resurgent focus on receptors activated by the 'trace amines' (TAs) β-phenylethylamine (PEA), tyramine (TYR), octopamine (OCT), synephrine (SYN), and tryptamine (TRYP) is the direct result of two publications that appeared in 2001 describing the cloning of a novel G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) referred to by their discoverers as TA1 (Borowsky et al., 2001) and TAR1 (Bunzow et al., 2001). When heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and various eukaryotic cell lines recombinant rodent and human TA receptors dosedependently couple to the stimulation of cAMP production. Structure-activity profiling based on this functional response has revealed that in addition to the TAs, other biologically active compounds containing a 2 carbon aliphatic side chain linking an amino group to at least one benzene ring are potent and efficacious TA receptor agonists with amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3-iodothyronamine, thyronamine, and dopamine among the most notable. Almost 100 years after the search for TA receptors began numerous TA1/TAR1-related sequences, now called Trace AmineAssociated Receptors (TAARs), have been identified in the genome of every species of vertebrate examined to date. Consequently, even though heterologously expressed TAAR1 fits the pharmacological criteria established for a bona fide TA receptor a major challenge for those working in the field is to discern the in vivo pharmacology and physiology of each purported member of this extended family of GPCRs. Only then will it be possible to establish whether TAAR1 is the family archetype or an iconoclast.

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Section: Historic Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace amine-associated receptor 1—Family archetype or iconoclast?

Grandy

2007

Pharmacology & Therapeutics

176

211

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“…It has been suggested that the comparatively low activities of octopamine isomers at adrenoceptors militates against a direct physiological role for octopamine at these sites (Williams et al, 1987). The present study does not address directly the issue of the physiological role of octopamine in the central nervous system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Octopamine is a biogenic amine which occurs naturally in invertebrates and vertebrates (see review by Robertson & Juorio, 1977;David & Coulon, 1985;Evans, 1985;Williams et al, 1987). In insects, specific octopamine neurones and receptors have been identified and this amine appears to be an important neuroactive substance (Evans, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

m‐Octopamine injected into the paraventricular nucleus induces eating in rats: a comparison with noradrenaline‐induced eating

Fletcher¹,

Paterson²

1989

British J Pharmacology

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1 The effects on food intake in rats of injection of m-and p-octopamine into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus were examined, and compared to the effects of noradrenaline (NA). 2 m-Octopamine injected into the PVN induced a dose-dependent increase in food intake, with the maximal effect occurring at a dose of 25 nmol. p-Octopamine did not elicit eating unless it was administered to animals pretreated with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor, pargyline. 3 The effects of pretreatment with various adrenoceptor antagonists, injected into the PVN, on the eating responses induced by 25 nmol m-octopamine and NA were examined. The a,1-adrenoceptor antagonist, corynanthine, and the fi-adrenoceptor antagonist, propranolol, failed to alter the eating induced by m-octopamine or NA. The effects of these two amines were susceptible to blockade of a2-adrenoceptors. Idazoxan reversed the eating induced by m-octopamine and noradrenaline. However, yohimbine was effective only against the eating induced by m-octopamine. Thus, both m-octopamine and NA appear to act via c2, but not a, or fi-adrenoceptors. 4 Injection of a-methyl-p-tyrosine into the PVN attenuated the effect of m-octopamine, but not of NA. This result suggests that m-octopamine elicits eating, at least in part, by releasing endogenous NA. 5 The NA and octopamine uptake inhibitor, desipramine, significantly potentiated the eating induced by a low dose of m-octopamine. This effect may occur because desipramine would prolong the synaptic activity of released NA. 6 The results indicate that m-octopamine elicits a marked and reliable eating response which is mediated largely by a release of endogenous NA, which acts at a2-receptors. These results are consistent with the view that octopamine may function as a modulator of NA activity in the central nervous system.

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“…Being an adrenalin or ephedrine analogue, synephrine has recently attracted much attention in natural medicine due to its effects on human metabolism for reducing fat mass in obese humans since it stimulates lipolysis, and raises the metabolic rate and oxidation of fat through increased thermogenesis (3,4). Synephrine in Citrus Aurantium is especially treasured because of its effects on the cardiovascular system through adrenergic stimulation (5,6).…”

Section: Please Scroll Down For Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of L-synephrine by Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid/n-octanol Reversed Micelles

Chen¹,

Li²,

Xu³

et al. 2012

Separation Science and Technology

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In this study, reversed micelles of Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid/n-octanol was prepared to investigate the purification of L-synephrine in Citrus aurantium fruit crude extract. The reverse micellar system formed was confirmed with atomic force microscopy and the effect of important factors on extraction efficiency, such as the pH of the aqueous phase, molar ratio of water to surfactant, surfactant concentration, cationic ion concentration, and extraction time, was studied. Under the optimal operational conditions, the purity of L-synephrine was improved to be >85% and the total yield >98%. Mathematic analysis and experimental results exhibited that the extraction process in this system was effectuated mainly via electrostatic interactions between L-synephrine and the surfactant.

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Isomeric octopamines: their occurrence and functions

Cited by 34 publications

References 27 publications

Trace amine-associated receptor 1—Family archetype or iconoclast?

Trace amine-associated receptor 1—Family archetype or iconoclast?

m‐Octopamine injected into the paraventricular nucleus induces eating in rats: a comparison with noradrenaline‐induced eating

Extraction of L-synephrine by Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid/n-octanol Reversed Micelles

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