Isomalto-Oligosaccharides Polarize Th1-Like Responses in Intestinal and Systemic Immunity in Mice

Abstract

Isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO) belong to a group of prebiotics that significantly increase the number of protective gut microflora. In the present study, we investigated the effects of IMO on intestinal and systemic immunity in mice. When mice were fed a diet supplemented with 20% IMO for 4 wk, the number of lactobacilli and the levels of IgA in feces were greater than those of mice fed the control diet (P < 0.05). Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (i-IEL) in response to T-cell receptor (TCR) triggering was greater in mice fed IMO than in controls (P < 0.05), indicating T helper-1 (Th1) polarization of intestinal immunity by IMO. The proportion of natural killer (NK) T cells in the liver mononuclear cells (MNC), and the production of IFN-gamma by the liver MNC in response to TCR triggering were greater in mice fed IMO than in controls (P < 0.05), suggesting that the Th1/Th2 balance was shifted toward the Th1 lineage by IMO in systemic immunity. Furthermore, the proportion and activity of NK cells were greater in the spleens of the mice fed IMO than in the controls. Dietary IMO protected the mice from gamma-irradiation-induced lethality, accompanied by an inhibition of the translocation of Enterobacteriaceae. Notably, when mouse macrophage-like J774.1 cells were cultured with Lactobacillus gasseri in the presence of IMO, interleukin (IL)-12 production was greater than in the absence of IMO. These results suggest that IMO, in synergy with lactobacilli, upregulate the Th1 response and beneficially modulate host defense.

Alpha-Linked Galactooligosaccharide Suppresses Small Intestinal Eosinophil Infiltration and Improves Growth Performance in Weaning Pigs

“…The results suggest that the suppression of eosinophil infiltration in the small intestine was independent of the prebiotic action of GOS, as shown by Sonoyama et al [12] for eosinophil infiltration in the bronchium. Many reports have shown that dietary oligosaccharide modulates the immune function of the small intestine through a change in the large intestinal microbiota [7,11]. However, it is plausible that GOS directly affects the immune function of the small intestine.…”

Microbial Glycosidases for Nondigestible Oligosaccharides Production

“…While MO may exhibit immunoregulatory activity [63], the intake of IMO decreases serum cholesterol concentrations and improve bowel movement, stool output, and microbial fermentation in the colon [64]. IMOs also upregulate the Th1 response that play a triggering role in allergic diseases, such as rhinitis, asthma, and eczema [65].…”

Influencia del consumo de sorbitol en la microbiota intestinal de un modelo animal

“…Los valores resultantes del cociente acetato/propionato en cada una de las muestras de rata analizadas (Tabla 7) muestran que en el contenido del ciego y del colon de las ratas alimentadas con FOS y sorbitol el cociente acetato/propionato es menor mg IgAs/g peso seco), respecto al grupo control 1,179±0,349 mg IgAs/g peso seco. Aumentos significativos de IgAs en heces han sido observados previamente por otros autores en ratones cuando son alimentados con prebióticos como los FOS ó isomalto-oligosacáridos (Hosono et al, 2003;Mizubuchi et al, 2005). La cuantificación de la IgAs en las muestras de colon y ciego de los animales no fue posible por la falta de reproducibilidad de los resultados, debido probablemente a la existencia de proteasas en las muestras, resistentes a los inhibidores utilizados en el ensayo.…”

“…Se encuentra en todas las mucosas y secreciones del organismo pero principalmente en la mucosa intestinal, donde su papel fundamental es la neutralización de virus y antígenos proteicos alimentarios, impidiendo su entrada al torrente sanguíneo y participando en la presentación antigénica. La cuantificación de los niveles de IgAs en muestras intestinales se realiza generalmente mediante la técnica de inmunoensayo enzimático (ELISA) tipo sándwich y ha sido previamente utilizada por otros autores en el estudio del efecto de prebióticos como isomaltooligosacáridos o inulina en el sistema inmune (Mizubuchi et al, 2005;Roller et al, 2004).…”

“…Para valorar los cambios en el sistema inmune intestinal derivados del consumo de prebióticos se pueden tener en cuenta diversos parámetros como la inmunoglobulina A secretora (IgAs), la producción de interferón, el análisis de diferentes líneas de células linfoides o macrófagos (Mizubuchi et al, 2005).…”