ISOM 2023 research Panel 4 - Diagnostics and microbiology of otitis media

Tamir, Sharon Ovnat; Bialasiewicz, Seweryn; Brennan-Jones, Christopher G.; Der, Carolina; Kariv, Liron; Macharia, Ian; Marsh, Robyn L.; Seguya, Amina; Thornton, Ruth

doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111741

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Its capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) are important virulence factors, especially for invasive disease that can be classified into 100 serotypes, based on chemical and immunological profiles ( Ganaie et al, 2020 ). The most identified pathogen in OM following culture is S. pneumoniae ( Tamir et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Vaccines Against Ommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most identified pathogen in OM following culture is S. pneumoniae (Tamir et al, 2023). Currently, two types of pneumococcal vaccines are available.…”

Section: Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (Pcvs) Pneumococcal Polysacc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The etiology of OM is often polymicrobial where the most common bacterial pathogens associated with AOM are Streptococcus pneumoniae ( S. pneumoniae ), non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), and Moraxella catarrhalis (Mcat). Contribution to disease by each pathogen varies by study and detection method [see ( Tamir et al, 2023 ] for review of recent reports of microbiology of OM). The viruses that are commonly associated with OM include respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), coronaviruses, influenza viruses, adenoviruses, human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, and picornaviruses ( Pettigrew et al, 2011 ; Ngo et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Otitis media: recent advances in otitis media vaccine development and model systems

Zahid,

Wilson,

Grice

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Otitis media is an inflammatory disorder of the middle ear caused by airways-associated bacterial or viral infections. It is one of the most common childhood infections as globally more than 80% of children are diagnosed with acute otitis media by 3 years of age and it is a common reason for doctor’s visits, antibiotics prescriptions, and surgery among children. Otitis media is a multifactorial disease with various genetic, immunologic, infectious, and environmental factors predisposing children to develop ear infections. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most common culprits responsible for acute otitis media. Despite the massive global disease burden, the pathogenesis of otitis media is still unclear and requires extensive future research. Antibiotics are the preferred treatment to cure middle ear infections, however, the antimicrobial resistance rate of common middle ear pathogens has increased considerably over the years. At present, pneumococcal and influenza vaccines are administered as a preventive measure against otitis media, nevertheless, these vaccines are only beneficial in preventing carriage and/or disease caused by vaccine serotypes. Otitis media caused by non-vaccine serotype pneumococci, non-typeable H. influenza, and M. catarrhalis remain an important healthcare burden. The development of multi-species vaccines is an arduous process but is required to reduce the global burden of this disease. Many novel vaccines against S. pneumoniae, non-typeable H. influenza, and M. catarrhalis are in preclinical trials. It is anticipated that these vaccines will lower the disease burden and provide better protection against otitis media. To study disease pathology the rat, mouse, and chinchilla are commonly used to induce experimental acute otitis media to test new therapeutics, including antibiotics and vaccines. Each of these models has its advantages and disadvantages, yet there is still a need to develop an improved animal model providing a better correlated mechanistic understanding of human middle ear infections, thereby underpinning the development of more effective otitis media therapeutics. This review provides an updated summary of current vaccines against otitis media, various animal models of otitis media, their limitations, and some future insights in this field providing a springboard in the development of new animal models and novel vaccines for otitis media.

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Section: Vaccines Against Ommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most identified pathogen in OM following culture is S. pneumoniae (Tamir et al, 2023). Currently, two types of pneumococcal vaccines are available.…”

Section: Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (Pcvs) Pneumococcal Polysacc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Otitis media: recent advances in otitis media vaccine development and model systems

Zahid,

Wilson,

Grice

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Steigende Inzidenzen bei Mastoidektomien im Kindesalter

Gehrke,

Scherzad

2024

HNO

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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund In den Jahren 2022 und 2023 wurde eine steigende Anzahl an Mastoiditiden bei Kindern und damit auch ein Anstieg der Mastoidektomien bei Kindern beobachtet. Ziel der Arbeit Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, den Anstieg der Anzahl an Patienten mit Mastoiditis und folgender Mastoidektomie zu analysieren, Korrelationen mit vorheriger Antibiotikatherapie und COVID-Infektionen zu untersuchen und einen Überblick über Keimspektrum, Krankheitsverlauf und Therapie zu geben. Material und Methoden Dazu wurde eine retrospektive Analyse aller seit 2012 behandelten Patienten mit Mastoiditis durchgeführt, bei denen eine Mastoidektomie durchgeführt werden musste. Evaluiert wurden Art und Dauer vorangegangener Symptome und einer vorherigen Antibiotikatherapie, Diagnostik und Krankheitsverlauf sowie Keimspektrum, Dauer des Krankenhausaufenthalts und Komplikationen. Ergebnisse Es wurde ein hoch signifikanter Anstieg an Mastoiditiden und somit auch an Mastoidektomien ab 2022 gezeigt. Weder Keimspektrum noch Krankheitsverlauf oder Komplikationsrate unterschieden sich von den vorherigen Jahren mit niedrigerer Inzidenz. Eher konnte eine Zunahme bereits ambulant antibiotisch vortherapierter Patienten gezeigt werden. Etwa die Hälfte der seit Herbst 2022 erkrankten Patienten hatte eine positive COVID-Anamnese. Adenoidhyperplasie spielte ursächlich eine deutlich geringere Rolle als in den Jahren zuvor. Schlussfolgerung Eine Korrelation zu reduzierter ambulanter Antibiotikagabe erscheint bei in diesem Kollektiv eher steigender Anzahl somit kausal als unwahrscheinlich. Ob ein Zusammenhang mit einer durchgemachten COVID-Infektion besteht, kann aufgrund der hohen Dunkelziffer bei asymptomatischen und nicht nachgewiesenen Fällen nicht abschließend beurteilt werden.

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