Isolation, Specification, Molecular Biology Assessment and Vaccine Development of Clostridium in Iran: A Review

Abstract

Context: The genus Clostridium, which consists of spore-forming anaerobes, can cause different diseases in domestic animals and human and some of them are serious and fatal. According to the increasing economic value of the meat and milk-producing animals, the importance of a certain number of such diseases in Iran is unquestionable. Evidence Acquisition: In Iran, and probably in other Near East countries, much attention was formerly paid to control more serious contagious diseases, such as rinderpest, anthrax, etc. resulting in the negligence of diseases such as enterotoxaemia. The epizootiological position has now changed whereby some of the contagious diseases are eradicated or are being methodically controlled. Now it is time to care about the other problems such as clostridial diseases, which threaten the health of the sheep and cattle. It is impossible to eradicate these infectious microorganisms, since they are normally found in the soil and the intestinal contents of apparently healthy animals. Therefore, it is necessary to resort to vaccination which in some cases has given encouraging results. To avoid the losses from such infections it is necessary to have the best possible vaccination information, methodically and regularity of the susceptible animals. Conclusions: This review refers to the veterinary aspects of the anaerobic clostridial diseases and vaccine development concerning the works carried out in Iran and especially at the Razi Serum and Vaccine Research Institute in the last eight decades.

Enhanced expression of recombinant beta toxin of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> type B using a commercially available <i>Escherichia coli</i> strain

“…Two of the strains were isolated from young goats and the other from an adult sheep (Brooks & Entessar 1957 ). By now, some vaccines have been manufactured using the secreted CPB protein of C. perfringens types B and C. It has been about five decades since the vaccine against C. perfringens types B and C, CPB protein was produced in Iran (Pilehchian langroudi 2015 ) Genetic engineering, helping to produce recombinant protein that as a good alternative to native toxins belonging to the C. perfringens species (Nijland et al . 2007 ).…”

Screening and Identification of DNA Nanostructure Aptamer Using the SELEX Method for ‎Detection of Epsilon Toxin

“…Various techniques have been used to detect ETX, including mass spectrometry (MS) ( 4 , 5 ), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ( 2 , 6 ), toxin-susceptible cell cultures ( 7 , 8 ), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ( 9 , 10 ), and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) ( 11 , 12 ). Mass spectrometry is a novel method that overcomes the cross-reactivity issues seen in antibody-based assays.…”