Isolation, speciation, and antibiogram of clinically relevant non-diphtherial Corynebacteria (Diphtheroids)

Reddy, B. Seetharami; Chaudhury, Abhijit; Kalawat, Usha; Jayaprada, R; Reddy, G Harshavardhan; Ramana, BV

doi:10.4103/0255-0857.93033

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, rifampin, and tetracycline were not regularly effective against these corynebacteria, making vancomycin the only valid empirical treatment until susceptibility tests are performed. Variable resistances were observed in different Corynebacterium spp., as already shown in the study by Reddy et al, who observed a high frequency of penicillin-resistant strains (Ͼ50%), as well as erythromycin-, clindamycin-, and gentamicin-resistant strains (30). Further studies are needed to investigate combination antibiotic treatment for the treatment of implantassociated infections, e.g., a quinolone plus rifampin, which is currently routinely used for the treatment of other Gram-positive bacterial infections, such as those caused by staphylococci (1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Corynebacterium Species Rarely Cause Orthopedic Infections

et al. 2018

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Corynebacteriumspp. are rarely considered pathogens, but data onCorynebacteriumspp. as a cause of orthopedic infections are sparse. Therefore, we asked how oftenCorynebacteriumspp. caused an infection in a defined cohort of orthopedic patients with a positive culture. In addition, we aimed to determine the species variety and the susceptibility of isolated strains to define potential treatment strategies. We retrospectively assessed all bone and joint samples that were collected between 2006 and 2015 from an orthopedic ward and that were positive forCorynebacteriumspp. by culture. The isolates were considered relevant to an infection if the sameCorynebacteriumsp. was present in at least two samples. We found 97 orthopedic cases with isolation ofCorynebacteriumspp. (128 positive samples). These were mainlyCorynebacterium tuberculostearicum(n= 26),Corynebacterium amycolatum(n= 17),Corynebacterium striatum(n= 13), andCorynebacterium afermentans(n= 11). Compared to the species found in a cohort of patients with positive blood cultures hospitalized in nonorthopedic wards, we found significantly moreC. striatum- andC. tuberculostearicum-positive cases but noC. jeikeium-positive cases in our orthopedic cohort. Only 16 out of 66 cases (24.2%) with an available diagnostic set of at least two samples had an infection. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) showed various susceptibility results for all antibiotics except vancomycin and linezolid, to which 100% of the isolates were susceptible. The rates of susceptibility of corynebacteria isolated from orthopedic samples and of isolates from blood cultures were comparable. In conclusion, our study results confirmed that aCorynebacteriumsp. is most often isolated as a contaminant in a cohort of orthopedic patients. AST is necessary to define the optimal treatment in orthopedic infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Corynebacterium Species Rarely Cause Orthopedic Infections

et al. 2018

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“…These cases are summarized in Table 3 . Although only one pneumonia case report [ 17 ] included susceptibility to linezolid or tigecycline, a prospective study analyzing infections due to Corynebacteria from a variety of sites revealed that all isolates—the majority being C. amycolatum, C. accolens, C. minutissimum, and C. glucuronolyticum (strains that are not regularly implicated in pneumonia)—were susceptible to linezolid and tigecycline [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corynebacteria as a cause of pulmonary infection: a case series and literature review

et al. 2018

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BackgroundIn most cases of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), an etiologic agent is not determined; the most common report from the microbiological evaluation of sputum cites “normal respiratory flora.” Non-diphtheria Corynebacterium spp., a component of this flora, is commonly viewed as a contaminant, but it may be the cause of pneumonia and the frequency with which it causes CAP may be underestimated.Case presentationsThis report present 3 cases of CAP in which Corynebacterium spp. was clearly the predominant isolate; identification was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Two cases were caused by C. propinquum and one by C. striatum. Two patients had a tracheostomy and one was on hemodialysis. Patients who received an appropriate antibiotic responded well.ConclusionWhen identified as the predominant isolate in sputum from a patient with CAP, Corynebacterium spp. should be considered as a potential cause of the infection. In cases with patients who have compromised airway clearance or who are immunocompromised, microaspiration may be responsible. While some Corynebacterium spp. are suspectible to antibiotics usually prescribed for CAP, others are susceptible only to vancomycin or aminoglycosides. Vancomycin is thus the appropriate empiric antibiotic, pending speciation and susceptibility test results. The number of reported cases with result of antibiotic susceptibility testing, however, remains limited, and further investigation is needed. Non-diphtheria Corynebacterium spp. represent a noteworthy clinical cause of pneumonia. Identification by Gram stain and as a predominant organism on culture demands careful consideration for management.

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“…Regarding sensitivity to antibiotics, our patient was resistant only to penicillin and trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole. A study on species of corynebacteria showed resistance up to 50% to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin [ 11 ]. Our literature review showed that this kind of Corynebacterium has never been isolated in urine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary tract infection with Corynebacterium aurimucosum after urethroplasty stricture of the urethra: a case report

Thiam²,

Fall

et al. 2015

J Med Case Reports

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IntroductionCorynebacteria have an important place among the commensal flora of the skin and mucous membranes. Except for Corynebacterium diphtheriae, they were once considered contaminants of mucosa. Recent publications in medical bacteriology have highlighted the importance of several species, such as C. aurimucosum. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first isolation of this strain from urine.Case presentationWe report a case of a patient with a urinary tract infection with C. aurimucosum. We isolated this bacterium from a 52-year-old man of Wolof ethniticity (an ethnic group in Senegal, West Africa) at the regional hospital of Saint Louis, Senegal. Microscopic examination of his total urine sample showed coryneform Gram-positive bacilli associated with a high leukocyte reaction. After repeated isolation of the corynebacteria in three samples from the patient’s urine, it was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The strain was susceptible to antibiotics, except for penicillin and co-trimoxazole. The potential infectious role of these commensal species in several infections should be taken into consideration.ConclusionsThis case highlights the significant proportion of species in the genus Corynebacterium other than dyphteriae in the infectious process. The use of mass spectrometry for identification highlights the originality of this work and the importance of these new diagnostic tools that are unavailable in most health facilities of countries with limited resources. We share the results of our method of identification of the isolated bacteria. This case should prompt attention to these rare bacteria, which can cause severe infections.

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Isolation, speciation, and antibiogram of clinically relevant non-diphtherial Corynebacteria (Diphtheroids)

Cited by 31 publications

References 16 publications

Corynebacterium Species Rarely Cause Orthopedic Infections

Corynebacterium Species Rarely Cause Orthopedic Infections

Corynebacteria as a cause of pulmonary infection: a case series and literature review

Urinary tract infection with Corynebacterium aurimucosum after urethroplasty stricture of the urethra: a case report

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