Isolation of Δ9-THCA-A from hemp and analytical aspects concerning the determination of Δ9-THC in cannabis products

Dussy, Franz; Hamberg, Cornelia; Luginbühl, Marco; Schwerzmann, Thomas; Briellmann, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.05.015

Cited by 179 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Cannabinoids are synthesised in plants in their carboxylic acid forms (Swift et al 2013) and accumulate principally within glandular trichomes occurring on female inflorescences (Happyana et al 2013). These form neutral cannabinoids, in a nonenzymatic thermal conversion reaction (Dussy et al 2005), with the most notable conversion being that of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) to the psychoactive cannabinoid delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinoid (THC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gas chromatography is commonly used to characterise chemotype and relies on the thermal conversion of acidic to neutral cannabinoids, although this reaction can vary between laboratories and is only partial (Dussy et al 2005). Liquid chromatography methods developed more recently can detect both acidic and neutral cannabinoids, therefore providing a more precise characterisation of chemotype (De Backer et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterisation of cannabinoid composition in a diverse Cannabis sativa L. germplasm collection

et al. 2015

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The ability to characterise cannabinoid chemical phenotype (chemotype) accurately is important for the development of Cannabis sativa L. cultivars specific for pharmacological, hemp fibre, or seed end use. Although a number of chemotyping and genotyping methods have previously been developed to predict and characterise cannabinoid composition, only a subset of the gene pool has been examined. A representative survey from a wide range of geographically and genetically diverse C. sativa accessions using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) cannabinoid profiling together with dominant and co-dominant DNA marker assays was performed. Overall variability of chemotype across the gene pool was found to be three-fold greater within heterozygote genotypes than previously reported. Interestingly, an individual plant of East Asian origin was found to exhibit a rare propyl alkyl cannabinoid homologue and a chemotype inconsistent with the predicted genotype. We propose that in order to carry out comprehensive screening of genetic resource collections and to identify chemotypic variants specific for end-use pharmacological applications, a strategy which adopts both cannabinoid profiling and the co-dominant DNA marker assay is required. Further research with consideration of propyl-alkyl-cannabinoid homologues should explore the relationship between chemotype and genotype in greater detail.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of cannabinoid composition in a diverse Cannabis sativa L. germplasm collection

et al. 2015

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“…Thus, to allow comparison of the data in the same form, the acidic form of each cannabinoid measured by HPLC was transformed into the neutral form by multiplying each LC value by the ratio of molecular masses of the neutral cannabinoid to the acidic cannabinoid, which represents the mass ratio of the neutral relative to acidic forms after decarboxylation. The mandated value for this conversion according to several US states is approximately 0.88 and states such as Washington 51 and Nevada 51 mandate reporting of total THC content from HPLC analysis using this calculation, and adding the calculated values to the values measured for the neutral form. The final result is equivalent to the measurements taken by NIDA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compromised External Validity: Federally ProducedCannabisDoes Not Reflect Legal Markets

Vergara

Bidwell

Gaudino

et al. 2016

Preprint

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“…The resorcinyl alkyl residue can also vary by carbon number [6]. Cannabinoids are synthesised with a carboxylated resorcinyl moiety that undergoes spontaneous decarboxylation via a non-enzymatic reaction, a process that can be accelerated at high temperatures [7]. More than 100 cannabinoids have been identified from Cannabis [1, 8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing Robust Standardised Analytical Procedures for Cannabinoid Quantification: Laying the Foundations for an Emerging Cannabis-Based Pharmaceutical Industry

Welling¹,

Liu²,

Hazekamp³

et al. 2019

Med Cannabis Cannabinoids

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The plant genus Cannabis is a prolific producer of unique pharmaceutically relevant metabolites, commonly referred to as cannabinoids. Robust and standardised methods for the quantification of cannabinoids within botanical and drug forms is a critical step forward for an emerging Cannabis-based pharmaceutical industry, which is poised for rapid expansion. Despite a growing body of analytical methods for the quantification of cannabinoids, few have been validated using internationally accredited guidelines. Moreover, standardised methods have yet to be developed for application at various stages of manufacture as well as for different levels of processing and refinement. Validation parameters for establishing robust standardised methods for cannabinoid quantification within Cannabis-based drug forms are critically discussed. Determining an appropriate level of specificity (discrimination) among heterogeneous botanical matrices as well as evaluating accuracy (recovery) and inter-laboratory precision (reproducibility) within strict and volatile regulatory environments are potential obstacles to the establishment of robust analytical procedures. We argue that while some of these challenges remain unique to Cannabis, others are common to botanical-based drug development and manufacture. In order to address potential barriers to analytical method standardisation, a collaborative research initiative inclusive of academic and commercial stakeholders is proposed.

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Isolation of Δ9-THCA-A from hemp and analytical aspects concerning the determination of Δ9-THC in cannabis products

Cited by 179 publications

References 4 publications

Characterisation of cannabinoid composition in a diverse Cannabis sativa L. germplasm collection

Characterisation of cannabinoid composition in a diverse Cannabis sativa L. germplasm collection

Compromised External Validity: Federally ProducedCannabisDoes Not Reflect Legal Markets

Developing Robust Standardised Analytical Procedures for Cannabinoid Quantification: Laying the Foundations for an Emerging Cannabis-Based Pharmaceutical Industry

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