Isolation of Vaccine-Like Poliovirus Strains in Sewage Samples From the United Kingdom

Majumdar, Manasi; Klapsa, Dimitra; Wilton, Thomas; Akello, Joyce Odeke; Anscombe, Catherine; Allen, David J.; Mee, Edward T.; Minor, Philip D.; Martı́n, Javier

doi:10.1093/infdis/jix667

Cited by 28 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Sewage specimens have been collected monthly in Glasgow and London since December 2014 and June 2016, respectively. Samples up to December 2018 were processed using WHO standard protocols (Majumdar et al 2017) and analysed for the presence of EV-D68 using recently established methods (Majumdar et al 2018). Briefly, RT-PCR products containing coding sequences for EV-D68 capsid VP1 protein were generated using a nested PCR protocol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Enterovirus D68 in wastewater samples from the United Kingdom during outbreaks reported globally between 2015 and 2018

Majumdar

Wilton

Hajarha

et al. 2019

Preprint

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26Detection of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) in wastewater samples from the UK between 27 December 2014 and December 2018 showed a marked seasonal distribution with a high 28 proportion of samples containing EV-D68 during periods when identification of this virus in 29 clinical samples was most common. This includes a recent upsurge of EV-D68 detection in 30 respiratory samples from the United Kingdom between August and December 2018 31 associated with cases of acute flaccid myelitis, following similar reports in the USA. 32 Phylogenetic analysis of EV-D68 sewage strains demonstrated that strains belonging to 33 distinct genetic clades followed the same temporal distribution as that observed for EV-D68 34 clinical strains in the UK and that they showed very close genetic relationship with EV-D68 35 strains circulating elsewhere in the world during the same periods. The results demonstrated a 36 clear association between detecting EV-D68 in wastewater and finding it in clinical samples 37which was somehow unexpected given that EV-D68 is rarely detected in stool samples. We 38 conclude that the use of environmental surveillance is a valuable tool to detect and monitor 39 outbreaks due to EV-68 infection. 40 41 45

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Enterovirus D68 in wastewater samples from the United Kingdom during outbreaks reported globally between 2015 and 2018

Majumdar

Wilton

Hajarha

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Although these methods were able to recover the entire genome for a given type or species, they were not able to sequence mixtures of several human enteroviruses in a single run like our described research. However, a recent study focused on detecting polioviruses and non-polio enteroviruses in cellular supernatants infected with sewage concentrates using NGS and random primers or specific primers targeting polioviruses ( Majumdar et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole Genome Sequencing of Enteroviruses Species A to D by High-Throughput Sequencing: Application for Viral Mixtures

Joffret

Polston

Razafindratsimandresy

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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Human enteroviruses (EV) consist of more than 100 serotypes classified within four species for enteroviruses (EV-A to -D) and three species for rhinoviruses, which have been implicated in a variety of human illnesses. Being able to simultaneously amplify the whole genome and identify enteroviruses in samples is important for studying the viral diversity in different geographical regions and populations. It also provides knowledge about the evolution of these viruses. Therefore, we developed a rapid, sensitive method to detect and genetically classify all human enteroviruses in mixtures. Strains of EV-A (15), EV-B (40), EV-C (20), and EV-D (2) viruses were used in addition to 20 supernatants from RD cells infected with stool extracts or sewage concentrates. Two overlapping fragments were produced using a newly designed degenerated primer targeting the conserved CRE region for enteroviruses A-D and one degenerated primer set designed to specifically target the conserved region for each enterovirus species (EV-A to -D). This method was capable of sequencing the full genome for all viruses except two, for which nearly 90% of the genome was sequenced. This method also demonstrated the ability to discriminate, in both spiked and unspiked mixtures, the different enterovirus types present.

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“…NIBSC as part of the WHO Small Working Group for polio diagnosis and in collaboration with Imperial College in London (UK), supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), is actively pursuing these aims. We have recently developed methods that can detect and identify not only poliovirus but also human enteroviruses directly from cell cultures, stool extracts and sewage concentrates using novel Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) approaches [11,[14][15][16][17][18][19]. This allows us to identify multiple enterovirus serotypes in sewage samples and hence in the human population, including some of public health relevance such as poliovirus, EV-D68, and EV-A71, as well as novel serotypes with potential to cause outbreaks such as EV-C104, EV-C105 and EV-C109.…”

Section: Enterovirus Environmental Surveillance Of Poliovirus and Othmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commonly setting biological standards in rare diseases

O’Connor¹,

Buckland

Almond

et al. 2019

Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs

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Introduction: Standardization is important across the life cycle of medicinal products, supporting the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of a wide range of diseases. For rare diseases, standardization is even more important, as patient groups are small, presenting significant challenges in the design, conduct, analysis, and interpretation of clinical studies. It is here that standardization institutions, including the UK's National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), can have a key role. Areas covered: A considerable proportion of NIBSC's work supports the better understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of rare diseases. NIBSC is also part of the UK's Medicines and Health care products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), creating an agency that is uniquely placed to combine scientific and regulatory expertize for the benefit of public health. This review provides an overview of NIBSC's work in rare diseases and highlights the positive impact of the work of standardization institutions in this field. Expert opinion: Standardization in product development is key for patients with rare diseases. The work of standardization institutions is increasingly being recognized as crucial for supporting scientific and clinical advancements, and early and collaborative interactions can provide drug developers with the necessary expertize, when standards matter most.

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Isolation of Vaccine-Like Poliovirus Strains in Sewage Samples From the United Kingdom

Cited by 28 publications

References 33 publications

Detection of Enterovirus D68 in wastewater samples from the United Kingdom during outbreaks reported globally between 2015 and 2018

Detection of Enterovirus D68 in wastewater samples from the United Kingdom during outbreaks reported globally between 2015 and 2018

Whole Genome Sequencing of Enteroviruses Species A to D by High-Throughput Sequencing: Application for Viral Mixtures

Commonly setting biological standards in rare diseases

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