Isolation of Two Virus-Like Circular DNAs from Commercially Available Milk Samples

Falida, Konstantina; Eilebrecht, Sebastian; Gunst, Karin; Hausen, Harald zur; Villiers, Ethel‐Michele de

doi:10.1128/genomea.00266-17

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Furthermore, it is of critical concern that exosomes may transfer viral RNA or DNA [415]. Novel replication-competent circular DNA molecules with potential proliferative activity have been detected in commercial milk of dairy cows [416][417][418][419][420], that via milk exosome transfer may reach distant tissue including the brain. Exosomes and their cargo are also involved in the spread of neurotoxic proteins such as α-syn, amyloid-β and prions [392,393,[421][422][423][424][425].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes of pasteurized milk: potential pathogens of Western diseases

Melnik

Schmitz

2019

J Transl Med

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Milk consumption is a hallmark of western diet. According to common believes, milk consumption has beneficial effects for human health. Pasteurization of cow's milk protects thermolabile vitamins and other organic compounds including bioactive and bioavailable exosomes and extracellular vesicles in the range of 40-120 nm, which are pivotal mediators of cell communication via systemic transfer of specific micro-ribonucleic acids, mRNAs and regulatory proteins such as transforming growth factor-β. There is compelling evidence that human and bovine milk exosomes play a crucial role for adequate metabolic and immunological programming of the newborn infant at the beginning of extrauterine life. Milk exosomes assist in executing an anabolic, growth-promoting and immunological program confined to the postnatal period in all mammals. However, epidemiological and translational evidence presented in this review indicates that continuous exposure of humans to exosomes of pasteurized milk may confer a substantial risk for the development of chronic diseases of civilization including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, common cancers (prostate, breast, liver, B-cells) as well as Parkinson's disease. Exosomes of pasteurized milk may represent new pathogens that should not reach the human food chain.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes of pasteurized milk: potential pathogens of Western diseases

Melnik

Schmitz

2019

J Transl Med

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“…This stimulated the initiation of an analysis of 120 sera obtained from individual dairy cows, from commercially available dairy products and several human sera from multiple sclerosis patients, chronic human diseases and healthy blood donors. Initially the isolation of 20 different genomes of single‐stranded circular DNA was published . After their classification into four groups, we designated them as bovine meat and milk factors (BMMF).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially the isolation of 20 different genomes of single-stranded circular DNA was published. [4][5][6][7][8] After their classification into four groups, we designated them as bovine meat and milk factors (BMMF). The first two groups (BMMF1 and BMMF2) have been more intensively analyzedspecific types of group 1, presently 13 in number, and 95 distinguishable types in group 2 (de Villiers et al, unpublished results).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific nutritional infections early in life as risk factors for human colon and breast cancers several decades later

Hausen

Bund

Villiers

2018

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…A variety of virus-like circular DNAs of BMMFs was recently isolated from commercially available milk (CMIs: Cow Milk Isolates) as well as from serum samples from healthy cattle (HCBIs: Healthy Cattle Blood Isolates) 25 – 27 , exhibiting a high degree of homology to the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE)-associated circular DNA isolates Sphinx 1.76 and Sphinx 2.36 at the nucleotide level 28 . Closely related circular DNA molecules were isolated from a brain sample of a MS patient (MSBIs: Multiple Sclerosis Brain Isolates) 25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and replication of virus-like circular DNA in human cells

Eilebrecht

Hotz‐Wagenblatt

Sarachaga

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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The consumption of bovine milk and meat is considered a risk factor for colon- and breast cancer formation, and milk consumption has also been implicated in an increased risk for developing Multiple Sclerosis (MS). A number of highly related virus-like DNAs have been recently isolated from bovine milk and sera and from a brain sample of a MS patient. As a genetic activity of these Acinetobacter-related bovine milk and meat factors (BMMFs) is unknown in eukaryotes, we analyzed their expression and replication potential in human HEK293TT cells. While all analyzed BMMFs show transcriptional activity, the MS brain isolate MSBI1.176, sharing homology with a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy-associated DNA molecule, is transcribed at highest levels. We show expression of a replication-associated protein (Rep), which is highly conserved among all BMMFs, and serological tests indicate a human anti-Rep immune response. While the cow milk isolate CMI1.252 is replication-competent in HEK293TT cells, replication of MSBI1.176 is complemented by CMI1.252, pointing at an interplay during the establishment of persistence in human cells. Transcriptome profiling upon BMMF expression identified host cellular gene expression changes related to cell cycle progression and cell viability control, indicating potential pathways for a pathogenic involvement of BMMFs.

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Isolation of Two Virus-Like Circular DNAs from Commercially Available Milk Samples

Abstract: Epidemiological data indicate a potential relationship between milk and dairy product consumption and the incidence of breast cancer, as well as neurodegenerative diseases. We report the isolation of two novel circular DNA molecules isolated from commercially available milk.

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Exosomes of pasteurized milk: potential pathogens of Western diseases

Exosomes of pasteurized milk: potential pathogens of Western diseases

Specific nutritional infections early in life as risk factors for human colon and breast cancers several decades later

Expression and replication of virus-like circular DNA in human cells

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