Isolation of Two Bacteriophages from Bacillus larvae, PBL1 and PBL0.5, and Partial Characterization of PBL1

Dingman, Douglas W.; Bakhiet, Nouna; Field, C C; Stahly, Donald P.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-65-6-1101

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…There were two distinct groups of phages that were siphoviruses. The first siphovirus group contains phages BLA [1], PBL1 [4], and PPL1c [7]. These phages had long, non-contractile tails and elongated capsids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Paenibacillus larvae bacteriophages and their genomic relationships to firmicute bacteriophages

et al. 2014

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BackgroundPaenibacillus larvae is a Firmicute bacterium that causes American Foulbrood, a lethal disease in honeybees and is a major source of global agricultural losses. Although P. larvae phages were isolated prior to 2013, no full genome sequences of P. larvae bacteriophages were published or analyzed. This report includes an in-depth analysis of the structure, genomes, and relatedness of P. larvae myoviruses Abouo, Davis, Emery, Jimmer1, Jimmer2, and siphovirus phiIBB_Pl23 to each other and to other known phages.ResultsP. larvae phages Abouo, Davies, Emery, Jimmer1, and Jimmer2 are myoviruses with ~50 kbp genomes. The six P. larvae phages form three distinct groups by dotplot analysis. An annotated linear genome map of these six phages displays important identifiable genes and demonstrates the relationship between phages. Sixty phage assembly or structural protein genes and 133 regulatory or other non-structural protein genes were identifiable among the six P. larvae phages. Jimmer1, Jimmer2, and Davies formed stable lysogens resistant to superinfection by genetically similar phages. The correlation between tape measure protein gene length and phage tail length allowed identification of co-isolated phages Emery and Abouo in electron micrographs. A Phamerator database was assembled with the P. larvae phage genomes and 107 genomes of Firmicute-infecting phages, including 71 Bacillus phages. Phamerator identified conserved domains in 1,501 of 6,181 phamilies (only 24.3%) encoded by genes in the database and revealed that P. larvae phage genomes shared at least one phamily with 72 of the 107 other phages. The phamily relationship of large terminase proteins was used to indicate putative DNA packaging strategies. Analyses from CoreGenes, Phamerator, and electron micrograph measurements indicated Jimmer1, Jimmer2, Abouo and Davies were related to phages phiC2, EJ-1, KC5a, and AQ113, which are small-genome myoviruses that infect Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium, respectively.ConclusionsThis paper represents the first comparison of phage genomes in the Paenibacillus genus and the first organization of P. larvae phages based on sequence and structure. This analysis provides an important contribution to the field of bacteriophage genomics by serving as a foundation on which to build an understanding of the natural predators of P. larvae.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-745) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is the causative agent of American Foulbrood (AFB), a disease that infects and destroys the larvae of honeybees ( Apis mellifera ). The first eight P. larvae phages were reported between 1955 and 1999 and included BLA [1], L3 [2], BL2 [3], PBL1 [4], PBL0.5 [5], PBL2 [5], PBL3 [6], and PPL1c [7]. These phages have not been sequenced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Paenibacillus larvae bacteriophages and their genomic relationships to firmicute bacteriophages

et al. 2014

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“…This author has suggested previously that catalase protects enzymes needed for sporulation from inactivation by hydrogen peroxide formed in the cells [3] as hydrogen peroxide inactivation of Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase (EC 1.9.3.2) was protected by catalase [45]. Dingman and Stahly [46] reported that catalase activity increased at two periods corresponding with the transition from log phase to stationary phase and with the appearance of spores, that the synthesis of catalase was neither induced by H202 or O2 nor depressed by glucose, and that vigorous aeration had no effect on the growth rate but almost completely prevented the sporulation in Bacillus larvae. It has been reported that catalase is localized in microbodies [40,[47][48][49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…[30], in the purified catalase of bacterial Profeus mirabilis [52], and in cell extracts of B larvae [46], respectively. Purified catalase of Drosophila melanogaster had a broad pH optimum from pH 6.5 to 7.5 [53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of catalase activity in vegetative and sporulating cells of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Ota

1986

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Properties of catalase activities have been examined in the intact cells of early stationary phase and cells 3 hr after transfer to sporulation medium in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The catalase activities of the two cells had a broad optimal pH from 6 to 8. Catalase activity in the intact cells increased throughout a 4-hr period of the observation following transfer to sporulation medium. Almost all the catalase activity in vegetative cells was lost by the treatment at 60 degrees C for 10 min. Catalase activities of both cells were inhibited by KCN, NaN3, o-phenanthroline, and PCMB. The catalase activity of the vegetative cells was slightly more inhibited and inactivated than that of the sporulating cells by the inhibitors and by the treatment with HCl or NaOH.

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“…2 x 108 cells per ml) with PBLlc at a multiplicity of infection of 10.0. Phage titers were determined by a standard soft-agar overlay technique (4).…”

Section: Growth Of Pbllc Titers Of 1010 Pfu Of Pbllc Per MLmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on transfection and transformation of protoplasts of Bacillus larvae, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus popilliae

Bakhiet¹,

Stahly²

1985

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Protoplasts of Bacillus larvae NRRL B-3555 and Bacillus subtlis RM125 (restrictionless, modificationless mutant) were transfected with DNA from the B. larvae bacteriophage PBLlc in the presence of polyethylene glycol. B. subtlifs 168 and Bacillus popilliae NRRL B-2309M protoplasts could not be transfected with PBLlc DNA. Protoplasts of B. larvae NRRL B-3555 were transformed with plasmids pC194 and pHV33 in the presence of polyethylene glycol. The frequency of transformation was much higher when the plasmids were isolated from B. larvae NRRL B-3555 transformants than when they were isolated from B. subtilis 168. These results indicate that the restriction-modification systems found in B. larvae NRRL B-3555 and B. subtilis 168 may be different. Conditions for protoplast formation and cell wall regeneration were developed for B. popilhiae NRRL B-2309S. However, no transformation occurred with plasmids pC194 and pHV33 (isolated from B. subtiis 168).

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Isolation of Two Bacteriophages from Bacillus larvae, PBL1 and PBL0.5, and Partial Characterization of PBL1

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Characterization of Paenibacillus larvae bacteriophages and their genomic relationships to firmicute bacteriophages

Characterization of Paenibacillus larvae bacteriophages and their genomic relationships to firmicute bacteriophages

Properties of catalase activity in vegetative and sporulating cells of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Studies on transfection and transformation of protoplasts of Bacillus larvae, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus popilliae

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