Isolation of Two Anti-inflammatory and One Pro-inflammatory Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from the Brown Seaweed Undaria pinnatifida

Abstract

Two anti-inflammatory omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of stearidonic acid (SA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and one pro-inflammatory omega-6 PUFA of arachidonic acid (AA) were isolated from the edible brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida. SA was active against mouse ear inflammation induced by phorbol myristate acetate, with IC50 values of 160, 314, and 235 microg per ear for edema, erythema, and blood flow, respectively. EPA was also active against edema, erythema, and blood flow, with IC50 values of 230, 462, and 236 microg per ear, respectively. Although AA at low concentrations showed anti-inflammatory activities when measured 10 h later, AA doses of more than 243 microg per ear induced inflammatory symptoms 1 h later. Mature thalli generally had larger amounts of PUFAs than young thalli. The algal blade contained more omega-3 PUFAs than were found in other parts, while the holdfast contained extremely high amounts of AA. Late-season thalli showed increased amounts of PUFAs, especially AA.

In vitroimmunomodulatory activity andin vivoanti-inflammatory and analgesic potential with gastroprotective effect of the Mediterranean red algaLaurencia obtusa

“…Red algae were reported to contain active secondary metabolites that may inhibit inflammation (Kang et al 2008), prevent or treat gastric ulcers and cancers caused by oxidative stress (Gonzalez et al 1999;Yeh et al 2012), inhibit inflammatory activities by suppressing the production of inflammatory mediators (Khan et al 2007 and induce cancer cell apoptosis in colon (Synytsya et al 2010) and stomach (Kwon & Nam 2007). Natural compounds derived from the edible algae could be used as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiulcerogenic therapeutics as they have been taken in alimentation and used in traditional medicines in the last centuries (Dhargalkar & Pereira 2005).…”

Cosmeceuticals Derived from Bioactive Substances Found in Marine Algae

“…Supplementing with 50-100 µg/mL omega-3 PUFAs, reduces the expression and activity of aggrecanases and inflammation-inducible cytokines (interleukin-1R and tumor necrosis factor-R) and cyclooxygenase-2 [93]. This work involving the therapeutic use of stearidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid derived from U. pinnatifida, support the claims that the algae can be used as a remedy for inflammation related symptoms, however further investigation is required to establish its efficacy [94].…”

In vivo Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic, and Analgesic Activities of the Aquaculturable Green Seaweed Codium fragile Extracts in Mice

“…In present study, dichloromethane and ethanol extracts of C. fragile demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory activities in PMA-induced mouse ear, and the main active constituent in the C. fragile extract was the polyunsaturated fatty acid EPA. In a previous work [11], the EPA concentrations producing 50% inhibition (IC50) by topical application were 230, 462, and 236 μg per ear for edema, erythema, and blood flow, respectively. It showed almost half the anti-inflammatory activity of indomethacin.…”