ISOLATION OF Salmonella spp. AND OTHER MEMBERS OF Enterobacteriaceae FROM HORSE MACKEREL (Tra-churus trachurus), SOLD IN PUBLIC MARKETS OF ISTANBUL, TURKEY

Abstract

Abstract:Aim of this investigation is to provide the general information about prevalence of members of Enterobacteriaceae in horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) sold in open public markets in Istanbul, Turkey. Horse mackerel were randomly selected and collected in warm and cold seasons of the year. Purchased samples were kept in sterile insulated bags with ice and transported to the laboratory for microbiological analyses. Citrobacter spp. showed highest prevalence (45.56%), followed by Proteus mirabilis (22.62%), Proteus vulgaris (9.17%) and Escherichia coli (7.64%). The other isolates were Shigella sonnei (4.28%), Shigella dysenteria (3.36%), Salmonella Typhimurium (1.83%), Salmonella Paratyphi A (1.52%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1.22%), Klebsiella oxytoca (1.22%), Enterobacter aerogenes (0.91%) and Enterobacter cloacae (0.61%). The percentages of the isolates, obtained in spring and autumn, were also compared. The Citrobacter spp., P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris were the dominantly isolated species, during spring season. P. mirabilis and Citrobacter spp. were also dominant in autumn. However, numbers and percentages of isolated pathogens (E. coli, S. sonnei, S. Dysenteriae, S. Typhimurium and S. Paratyphi A) were much more in autumn than that of spring. Since samples are sold without any chilling treatment in public markets, air temperature might be the reason of higher pathogen isolation in autumn. It is essential to implement cold chain as well as to prevent secondary contamination and to improve quality control.

Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Salmonella Species

“…The prevalence of Salmonella species in smoked fish in Akwa Ibom State (Nigeria) confirmed this research result. This finding agrees with [21], which reported a prevalence of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Paratyphi from horse mackle with their respective percentages of 1.83 % and 1.52 %. The findings from this study also agree with [22] report, which recorded 20 % and 6.7 % of Salmonella Rubislam and Salmonella Senegal from Mullet fish samples and 13.3 % of Salmonella Senegal from Catfish.…”

“…Also, the covering of smoked fish with paper could generate heat that would influence the growth of bacteria. Results from [38] and [21] indicated that, microbial contamination had been found in smoked fish due to unhygienic practices during processing, packaging, storage, poor environmental condition, and handling activities practiced by sellers and buyers contribute to the contamination of fishes. However, this study recorded a higher percentage (63 %) of buyers touching the fish with their bare hand without disinfecting their hand, and this could cause cross-contamination from the buyers.…”

Distribution and expression of virulence genes in potentially pathogenic bacteria isolated from seafood in Thailand

“…The highest prevalence of Aeromonas hydrophila was observed in fish (19.5%), followed by shrimp (9.2%), lobster (9.3%), and crab (6.7%) caught off the south coast of Iran, in which 57 strains out of 62 (91.9%) harbored the cytolytic enterotoxin gene (Rahimi et al, 2014). The prevalence of Citrobacter (45.56%), Proteus (31.79%), E. coli (7.64%), Shigella (7.64%), Salmonella (3.35%), Klebsiella (2.44%), and Enterobacter (1.52%) in horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) sold in Istanbul, Turkey was annually recorded (Tosun et al, 2016). All 20 seafood samples from landing centers and retail markets in Mumbai, India were contaminated with fecal coliforms ranging in number from 150 to 1.1 × 10 3 CFU/100 g. Among 329 isolates of E. coli, 175 isolates (53.19%) harbored virulence genes such as Shiga toxin 1 (stx1), Shiga toxin 2 (stx2), intimin (eaeA), and hemolysin (hlyA) (Prabhakar et al, 2017).…”

Pathological lesions associated with Vibrio infection in Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus L., 1758) from the Western Coast of Tripoli, Libya

“…Atlantic horse mackerel is a popular commercial fish in public markets. It is very popular for consumers in Turkey, Spain, and North African countries, having an annual catching value of 12,213.2 tons ( Ab Rahman et al , 2015 ; Tosun et al , 2016 ; Balami et al , 2019 ). Moreover, it is considered a migratory fish species that is indigenous to the Mediterranean, and Black Sea ( Abaunza et al , 2008 ; Aksissou and Casal, 2013 ).…”